Comparative neurobiology of the elasmobranch cerebellum: theme and variations on a sensorimotor interface

New, John G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3245-1_7

Cited by 20 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Yopak et al (2007) provide evidence that phylogeny might not be the most important force driving the morphologic variation of the cerebellum exhibited by cartilaginous fishes. Habitat complexity, prey type, mode of locomotion and agility, and mode of reproduction, have been suggested as additional factors that should be considered (Paulin 1993;New 2001;Yopak et al 2007). We would add to this list that the neuroanatomical connections of the cerebellum should also be considered.…”

Section: Afferent Connections Of the Cerebellar Corpus In Cartilaginomentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic features of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray, and their possible evolutionary significance

Puzdrowski

Gruber

2009

Integrative Zoology

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The morphology of the cerebellar corpus in cartilaginous fishes varies from a smooth, relatively simple structure to a complex, multilobed structure. Atlantic stingrays possess a trilobed corpus that includes an anterior lobe, divided into rostral and caudal lobules, and a posterior lobe. The corpus in this stingray is assymetrical. This asymmetry was examined in the stingray population of Galveston Bay. In 49% of the animals the axis of the caudal lobule was right of the midline, in 27% it was across the midline, and in 24% it was to the left. This variation is not related to size, sex, or an asymmetry in the cranial volume, but might reflect a variation in the cerebellar developmental program. To gain insight into the factors that have driven cerebellar hypertrophy in cartilaginous fishes, the neural connections of the lobules of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray were examined using biotinylated dextrans. It was found that, for the most part, the stingray cerebellum receives inputs from the same diencephalic and brainstem nuclei as in cartilaginous fishes with a bilobed cerebellum. However, in stingrays there is greater segregation of inputs. The anterior lobe rostral lobule receives inputs from the accessory optic nuclei, the caudal lobule receives inputs from trigeminal and octavolateral nuclei, and the posterior lobe receives inputs from the spinal cord. The rostral lobule and posterior lobe also receive input from midbrain nuclei that do not appear to be present in cartilaginous fishes with a morphologically simple corpus. Therefore, it is proposed that the complex hypertrophy of the corpus in stingrays might result from a combination of functional specialization of the lobes, and the acquisition of new inputs.

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Section: Afferent Connections Of the Cerebellar Corpus In Cartilaginomentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic features of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray, and their possible evolutionary significance

Puzdrowski

Gruber

2009

Integrative Zoology

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“…There is also some evidence for the existence of shark/holocephalan cerebrotypes, but unlike some previous studies on other vertebrate taxa [Huber et al, 1997;de Winter and Oxnard, 2001;Wagner, 2001a, b;Iwaniuk and Hird, 2005] the relationships were not absolute. Additionally, sharks and holocephalans exhibit substantial variation in cerebellar foliation, which appears to be correlated with both locomotor abilities and sensory-motor integration [New, 2001] and prey capture [Paulin, 1993], lending evidence to both arguments regarding the functional role of this structure.…”

Section: Brain Organization and Cerebellar Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early studies of elasmobranchs did not find strong ecological correlations for cerebellar hypertrophy and convolution outside the observation that elasmobranchs that move more rapidly seem to have a more complicated cerebellum [Northcutt, 1989]. Behavioral research suggests that the cerebellum modulates motor tasks [Paul and Roberts, 1979;New, 2001] and error correction [Gluck et al, 2001;Montgomery et al, 2002]. However, other evidence points to the cerebellum as involved in coordination of target tracking and the analysis of the consequences of an organisms' own movements, rather than control of these movements themselves [Paulin, 1993].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This brain area first appeared in early chondrichthyans [Butler, 2003] and is clearly related to the cerebellar-like structures of the adjacent hindbrain. There is substantial variation in both the degree of foliation and symmetry exhibited by this structure in sharks (and indeed other chondrichthyans) [Kappers et al, 1936;Northcutt, 1977Northcutt, , 1978Smeets et al, 1983], but as the functional role of this brain area is still controversial, the adaptive significance of this variation is unclear [Northcutt, 1989;New, 2001]. Although much cerebellar research has been conducted on mammals [Bard and Macht, 1958;Marr, 1969;Albus, 1971;Ito, 1984;Gordon et al, 1993;Lackner and Dizio, 1994;Shadmehr and Musso-Ivaldi, 1994;Bastian et al, 1996;Gao et al, 1996;Lang and Bastian, 1999;Bastian, 2000, 2001], the earliest vertebrates to have evolved a cerebellum have received comparatively little scrutiny.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Yopak¹,

Lisney²,

Collin³

et al. 2007

Brain Behav Evol

130

229

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The widespread variation in brain size and complexity that is evident in sharks and holocephalans is related to both phylogeny and ecology. Relative brain size (expressed as encephalization quotients) and the relative development of the five major brain areas (the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, and medulla) was assessed for over 40 species from 20 families that represent a range of different lifestyles and occupy a number of habitats. In addition, an index (1–5) quantifying structural complexity of the cerebellum was created based on length, number, and depth of folds. Although the variation in brain size, morphology, and complexity is due in part to phylogeny, as basal groups have smaller brains, less structural hypertrophy, and lower foliation indices, there is also substantial variation within and across clades that does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Ecological correlations, with the relative development of different brain areas as well as the complexity of the cerebellar corpus, are supported by cluster analysis and are suggestive of a range of ‘cerebrotypes’. These correlations suggest that relative brain development reflects the dimensionality of the environment and/or agile prey capture in addition to phylogeny.

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“…Los trabajos que se han realizado sobre la morfología externa del encéfalo son pocos, destacando el trabajo de Walker & Sherman (2001) los cuales describen de manera detallada la anatomía externa del encéfalo de Urobatis jamaicensis. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios abordan de manera general a los grupos principales (Smeets, 1998;Hofmann, 1999) o de manera particular alguna estructura del encéfalo (Puzdrowski & Leonard, 1992;New, 2001). Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio de anatomía de la morfología externa del encéfalo y pares craneales de Diplobatis ommata.…”

Section: Introducciònunclassified

Estudio Morfológico del Cerebro y Pares Craneales de Diplobatis ommata (Elasmobranchii: Narcinidae)

Domínguez¹,

Bárcenas

Isáis

2014

Int. J. Morphol.

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RESUMEN:El grupo de los Torpediniformes representa una de las líneas ancestrales de los batoideos cuya ruta evolutiva ha seguido una línea separada del resto de este grupo. No se han realizado estudios sobre la morfología del encéfalo de Diplobatis ommata, es por ello que el objetivo de este estudio fue describir la anatomía del encéfalo y pares craneales de esta especie. Los organismos fueron colectados en Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, México. El encéfalo se obtuvo por medio de la técnica de disección convencional. El encéfalo de Diplobatis ommata es similar al de los tiburones basales, sin embargo, presenta una vesícula eléctrica, característica de Torpediniformes. Las estructuras más grandes del encéfalo son los bulbos olfatorios y la médula oblongada. El telencéfalo es reducido y el cerebelo presenta simetría bilateral y es prácticamente liso. La disposición de los pares craneales es similar a la que presentan otros grupos de batoideos, sin embargo, la inervación de los pares craneales VII, IX y X se modifica, ya que además de inervar a las regiones descritas convencionalmente, inervan también a los órganos eléctricos.

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Comparative neurobiology of the elasmobranch cerebellum: theme and variations on a sensorimotor interface

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Morphologic features of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray, and their possible evolutionary significance

Morphologic features of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray, and their possible evolutionary significance

Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Estudio Morfológico del Cerebro y Pares Craneales de Diplobatis ommata (Elasmobranchii: Narcinidae)

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