Comparative occurrence of ESBL/AmpC beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in contract farm and backyard broilers

Abstract

The present study was conducted to detect the occurrence of beta‐lactamase and biofilm‐producing Escherchia coli and Salmonella in apparently healthy broiler birds reared in household and contract poultry farms. In total, 150 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy broiler birds of various age groups reared in backyard (n = 100) and contract farms (n = 50) in West Bengal (India). The isolation rate of ESBL producers was significantly more (P < 0·05) reared in contract poultry farms than those reared in backyard. Majority of the E. coli isolates possessed blaCTX‐M followed by blaSHV and blaTEM. Majority of the Salmonella strains possessed blaTEM followed by blaCTX‐M, and no blaSHV was detected. The selected sequences of the PCR products were found cognate with blaCTX‐M‐1, blaCTX‐M‐2, blaCTX‐M‐9, blaCTX‐M‐14, blaCTX‐M‐15, blaSHV‐12 and blaTEM‐52. The study detected 46·8% of E. coli and 42·5% of Salmonella strains as biofilm producers. Beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae strains showed resistance against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, co‐trimoxazole and ampicillin and sensitivity to imipenem‐EDTA, colistin and gentamicin. The study revealed the partial clonal relationship of ESBL sequences possessed by the poultry isolates of the present study and local clinical isolates available in the database. The study made consumer awareness about careful handling of live birds or poultry meat to avoid the zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Evaluation of phage—antibiotic combinations in the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enteritidis strain PT1

“…The isolate developed resistance against 69.2% of the antibiotics tested. The isolate showed resistance for beta-lactam antibiotics which is due to the enzyme, β-lactamase, produced by the pathogen [ 47 ]. It is also resistant against fourth and third generation cephalosporin (cefepime and cefixime) but sensitive for carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem).…”

Widespread prevalence of plasmid-mediated blaCTX-M type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli in backyard broiler production systems in the United States

“…Our research found that all bla CTX-M-1 genes were carried on plasmids and the majority of bla CTX-M-65 were carried on plasmids. It is well documented that the exchange of plasmids has facilitated the emergence of ESBL, particularly bla CTX-M type ESBL [ 6 , 15 , 74 ]. The most common plasmid found in this study was the IncFIB(AP001918)_1 plasmid.…”

Exploring the source of ESBL_producing Escherichia coli in a small-scale poultry farm with minimal biosecurity

“…In this complicated context, the emergence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae poses a serious concern to the well-being of humans and livestock [1,5]. In general, ESBLs can hydrolyze the amide bond of β-lactams like penicillin and cephalosporins by triggering a nucleophilic attack of the Serine 70 hydroxyl (-OH) group [6].…”

“…The nucleotide sequencing of the blaSHV gene provided insight into sequences encompassing SHV-1 (Accession number-LC738898), SHV-27 (Accession number-LC738864),and SHV-45 (Accession number-LC738863). To emphasize the potential for ESBL transmission through the food chain, we constructed a phylogenetic tree (Figure: 2A) incorporating these ESBL gene variants isolated from our study, clinical samples[20], and other poultry bird samples[1,5]. The phylogenetic analysis reveals a partial clonal relationship among the ESBL sequences, suggesting a shared genetic ancestry.…”