Comparative Pathology of Ranaviruses and Diagnostic Techniques

Miller, Debra L.; Pessier, Allan P.; Hick, Paul; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13755-1_7

Cited by 54 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…Larvae that exhibited morbidity consistent with ranaviral disease (i.e., petechial hemorrhages, edema, and loss of equilibrium; Miller et al 2015) for greater than 24 h were humanely euthanized. Water was changed (100% of volume) every 3 days to maintain water quality (Hoverman et al 2010).…”

Section: Experimental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Temperature Affects Susceptibility to Ranavirus

et al. 2016

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The occurrence of emerging infectious diseases in wildlife populations is increasing, and changes in environmental conditions have been hypothesized as a potential driver. For example, warmer ambient temperatures might favor pathogens by providing more ideal conditions for propagation or by stressing hosts. Our objective was to determine if water temperature played a role in the pathogenicity of an emerging pathogen (ranavirus) that infects ectothermic vertebrate species. We exposed larvae of four amphibian species to a Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like ranavirus at two temperatures (10 and 25°C). We found that FV3 copies in tissues and mortality due to ranaviral disease were greater at 25°C than at 10°C for all species. In a second experiment with wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), we found that a 2°C change (10 vs. 12°C) affected ranaviral disease outcomes, with greater infection and mortality at 12°C. There was evidence that 10°C stressed Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla chrysoscelis) larvae, which is a species that breeds during summer-all individuals died at this temperature, but only 10% tested positive for FV3 infection. The greater pathogenicity of FV3 at 25°C might be related to faster viral replication, which in vitro studies have reported previously. Colder temperatures also may decrease systemic infection by reducing blood circulation and the proportion of phagocytes, which are known to disseminate FV3 through the body. Collectively, our results indicate that water temperature during larval development may play a role in the emergence of ranaviruses.

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Section: Experimental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Temperature Affects Susceptibility to Ranavirus

et al. 2016

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“…The simplistic causality relationship between pathogen presence and disease in our study material is contradicted by experimental exposures where the genus Pelophylax proved to be tolerant to Bd infection in laboratory conditions (Woodhams et al 2012). Some of the observed symptoms are not known to be associated with chytridiomycosis but may often be found in ranavirus-infected amphibians (Miller et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is present in Poland and associated with reduced fitness in wild populations of Pelophylax lessonae

Kolenda¹,

Najbar²,

Ogielska³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogen associated with global declines of amphibians. We used qPCR to detect Bd in 255 samples from 10 Polish populations of 8 species. We found Bd infection in 3 species (Bombina variegata, Pelophylax lessonae, P. esculentus). The infection intensity in P. lessonae reached a maximum of 58 400 genomic equivalents of zoospores (GE), and the 2 most heavily infected individuals died. Previous observations of the populations that included infected individuals showed reduced body size, failure to reproduce, and mortalities of adults. These data highlight the importance of emerging diseases, and the need to recognize them as an important factor in conservation of the genus Pelophylax in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe.

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“…And indeed, secondary bacterial infections are common with ranaviral disease. 5,15 Today, there are similar pitfalls with the wide use of PCR assays that allow anyone to easily detect ranaviral or chytrid fungal DNA during amphibian mortality events but have the great potential to miss other significant (or new) disease problems if not used as part of comprehensive disease investigations that include methods such as histopathology. 6 Therefore, the need for veterinary pathologists to direct and or provide support for studies into amphibian disease has never been greater.…”

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confidence: 99%