Comparative performance evaluation of NAO friction materials containing natural graphite and thermo-graphite

Aranganathan, N.; Bijwe, Jayashree

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2016.03.032

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Solid lubricants play an important role in reducing the wear rate [3,4] and in facilitating smooth-sliding and a stable coefficient of friction under a wide range of pressures, speeds, and environmental conditions [5]. Due to their high thermal conductivity, layered structure, capacity for dispersing friction-generated heat, and relatively stable coefficients of friction, natural graphite (NG) and synthetic graphite are often used as solid lubricants in friction materials [6][7][8]. Kolluri et al [9] demonstrated the particle size effect of NG in friction composites on the thermal localization phenomenon in braking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panda et al [12] proposed a heat-treated graphite, which achieved better lubrication within a certain pressure range. Aranganathan and Bijwe [7,13] investigated the tribological behavior of graphite composites with high thermal conductivity and found these showed a lower rate of wear. These results indicate that thermo-graphite offers improved lubricity and wear resistance to friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2019

Friction

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In this study, expanded graphite and natural graphite were introduced into resin-based friction materials, and the tribological behavior of the composites was investigated. The tribo-performance of the two friction composites was evaluated using a constant speed friction tester. The results showed that the expanded graphite composite (EGC) displayed better lubricity in both the fading and the recovery processes. The wear rate of the EGC decreased by 22.43% more than that of the natural graphite composite (NGC). In the fading process, and the EGC enhanced the stability of the coefficient of friction. The recovery maintenance rate of the NGC was 4.66% higher than that of the EGC. It can be concluded that expanded graphite plays an important role in the formation of a stable contact plateau and can effectively reduce the wear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2019

Friction

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“…In another study, Aranganathan and Bijwe compared the properties of natural and thermo graphites for braking application. They confirmed the overall properties (thermal conductivity and fade performance improvement allied with a tendency to reduce wear) of the thermo-graphite are more suitable in the quest towards copper's suppression from brake pads [39] .…”

Section: Effect Of Copper Additionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Graphite with another "soft metal" is the most common combination, and has been shown as responsible for producing smooth sliding behaviour [12,16] . The lubricity of graphite, what Savage (1948) [38] described as the "slipperiness", depends on whether the graphite is natural or synthetic [39] , adsorbed moisture [38] , crystallinity, particle size [40] .…”

Section: Graphite In Brake Padsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nanoparticulate copper, zirconia and graphite: contribution to the friction coefficient and transfer layer formation in dry sliding tests with interfacial media addition.

Rodrigues¹

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Copper is present in brake pads in the form of fibres, tough its suppression from pads' formulations is already a trend compared to the suppression of asbestos in the 1980's.As a contribution to this challenging scenario, this work investigated the behaviour of mixture additions containing copper, zirconia, graphite and magnetite in dry sliding tribotests. Pin-on-disc tribotests with interfacial media addition were performed in order to contribute on the mission of understanding how Cu, graphite and ZrO2 particles act on the oxide transfer layer formation on dry sliding conditions. Thus describing some of the tribological properties that a possible replacement for copper in brake pads should mimic. Tests were performed at 23°C in air, 400°C in air and 400°C in N2.Nanoparticulate Cu, ZrO2 and micron-sized graphite were mixed in a Fe3O4 basedmatrix. The ZrO2 particles were incorporated to the mixtures by two mixing methods: manual mixing and high-energy ball milling. This study sought to explain the coefficient of friction (CoF) behaviour of these additions individually, as well as together, by correlating the CoF with comprehensive characterization of the oxide transfer layer. The transfer layer was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Transmission electron microscopy. Graphite containing mixtures displayed low average CoF values (0.23 to 0.31) due to selective transfer of graphite films to the first bodies' tribosurfaces. Copper formed agglomerates and patches within the oxide transfer layer that were responsible for raising the CoF values at 23°C and acted as soft copper films at 400°C. The nanoparticulate addition of ZrO2 in the manual mixtures prevented the formation of Cu patches and larger agglomerates, promoting the formation of a smooth and compact oxide tribolayer, though graphite's selective transfer was still observed.

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Elastomer modified phenolic resin‐based composites with reduced scale friction: Influence of calcined petroleum coke on tribological and thermo‐mechanical behavior

Ghosh

Banerjee

Khastgir

2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The present investigation deals with the effect of the concentration of calcined petroleum coke (CPC) on the dry sliding wear characteristics of elastomer modified phenolic resin‐based friction composites. Other ingredients common in brake formulations like fiber, filler, and solid lubricant were excluded in the present formulations to understand the exclusive effect of the CPC concentration on the frictional, mechanical, and thermal properties of these composites. The composites were fabricated by hot mixing followed by compression molding, and subsequent post‐curing. The coefficient of friction (COF) and the specific wear rate of these composites sliding against a cast‐iron disc were measured and analyzed. The change in surface topography of these composites before and after sliding operation was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. An effort was made to correlate the surface morphology of these composites before and after sliding with friction and wear behavior. The investigation reveals that CPC inclusion improved the anti‐wear behavior as it formed a uniform transfer layer over the rubbing surfaces. In case of optimum CPC loaded (200 phr) composite, the average COF and thermal conductivity values were found to be 0.15 and 0.61 W/m‐K, respectively, as compared to 0.12 and 0.25 W/m‐K for the base composite (without any CPC).

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Comparative performance evaluation of NAO friction materials containing natural graphite and thermo-graphite

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Comparative tribological behavior of friction composites containing natural graphite and expanded graphite

Effect of nanoparticulate copper, zirconia and graphite: contribution to the friction coefficient and transfer layer formation in dry sliding tests with interfacial media addition.

Elastomer modified phenolic resin‐based composites with reduced scale friction: Influence of calcined petroleum coke on tribological and thermo‐mechanical behavior

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