Comparative Performance Evaluation of Personal Protective Measures and Antiviral Agents Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Scientists identified SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. Soon after its identification, Covid-19 spreads almost everywhere. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Countries are facing multiple waves due to the different variants of the coronavirus. Personal preventive measures, vaccines, and antiviral drugs are the approaches to control Covid-19. However, these approaches are being implemented in different countries at different levels because of the availability of personal protective measures and antiviral agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of practicing measures to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. Here we searched relevant literature from PubMed and Scopus using the keywords such as personal protective measures, antiviral agents, and vaccine effectiveness. According to the present findings, protective measures were found comparatively less effective. Nevertheless, these measures can be used to limit the spreading of Covid-19. Antiviral agents can reduce the hospitalization rate and are more effective than personal protective measures. The most effective strategy against Covid-19 is early vaccination or multiple vaccination dose. The respective authorities should ensure equal distribution of vaccines, free availability of antiviral drugs, and personal protective measure in poor and developing countries. We recommend more studies to describe the effectiveness of practicing preventive measures and antiviral agents against recent variants of the coronavirus.

Assessment of vaccine perception and vaccination intention of Mpox infection among the adult males in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study findings

“…campaigns have been setup in many locations to create awareness of the disease and prevent the spread of the virus [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Hence, they have high knowledge about the importance of immunization.…”

Assessment of risk perception and subjective norms related to Mpox (monkeypox) among adult males in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study

“…20 During the Covid-19 pandemic, people severely affected by the coronavirus showed agreement with vaccination acceptance. [37][38][39] Some participants in the same study believed that their family and friends influenced their vaccination decision. 40,41 Similarly, participants assumed to be at the highest risk had a | 11 14 favorable attitude toward vaccination, [42][43][44][45] whereas people with lower risk perceptions had lower vaccination intentions, according to a few additional studies.…”

“…A study conducted on the US population to examine the Mpox vaccination attitudes of the participants revealed that those with the highest risk perception appeared to be more interested in receiving the vaccination 20 . During the Covid‐19 pandemic, people severely affected by the coronavirus showed agreement with vaccination acceptance 37–39 . Some participants in the same study believed that their family and friends influenced their vaccination decision 40,41 .…”

The WHO has declared the end of pandemic phase of COVID‐19: Way to come back in the normal life

“…Researchers have identified several promising treatments for COVID‐19, including monoclonal antibodies, antiviral drugs, and corticosteroids. These treatments have been shown to reduce the severity of illness and improve patient outcomes effectively 29–31 . They have also made significant progress in understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and pathophysiology of COVID‐19 32,33 .…”

“…These treatments have been shown to reduce the severity of illness and improve patient outcomes effectively. 29 , 30 , 31 They have also made significant progress in understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and pathophysiology of COVID‐19. 32 , 33 This has helped to inform the development of vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tests and has provided insights into how the virus spreads and affects the body.…”