Comparative performance of different energy storage devices in AGC of multi-source system including geothermal power plant

Abstract

This paper highlights an attempt of comparing the performance of several energy storage (ES) devices such as battery ES, flywheel ES, capacitive ES, superconducting magnetic ES, ultra-capacitors, and redox flow batteries (RFBs) in automatic generation control of an interconnected system. The considered system comprises conventional thermal, hydro, wind, and solar photovoltaic generations wherein a geothermal power plant (GTPP) is also incorporated. The thermal and hydro systems are provided with appropriate generation rate constraints. A new fractional order (FO) cascade controller named as the FO proportional-integral–FO proportional-integral-derivative (FOPI-FOPID) is proposed as a secondary controller, and its performance is compared with the commonly used classical controllers. A powerful stochastic algorithm called the Sine Cosine Algorithm has been used to optimize the controller gains and other parameters. Analyses of the dynamic responses reveal the superiority of FOPI-FOPID over the others in terms of settling time, peak deviation, and magnitude of oscillation. The effect due to introduction of GTPP has been examined, and the responses disclose that integration of GTPP leads to better dynamics. The comparison of performances of various ES devices in the presence of the FOPI-FOPID controller highlights the predominance of RFB over others.

Impact of communication time delays on combined LFC and AVR of a multi-area hybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinated control strategy

“…Thus, RFBs can play a key role in sustaining system frequency by regulating the real power mismatch between control areas, and are recommended in power systems to improve the quality of power generated through hybrid energy sources. The transfer function model of RFBs implemented in this work is from [27] and described in Eq. (11).…”

Maiden application of TIDN ‐(1+ PI ) cascade controller in LFC of a multi‐area hydro‐thermal system incorporating EV–Archimedes wave energy‐geothermal‐wind generations under deregulated scenario

“…Hence to reduce the emissions of carbon, greenhouse gases, to generate more electricity at low cost, to mitigate energy crisis and to upgrade the conventional PS, renewable energy sources are necessary to incorporate in PS 5 . Tasnin and Saikia 6 studied the LFC problem incorporating wind, solar, geothermal power plant (GTPP), and energy storage elements with other conventional energy sources in an interconnected PS. It is expected that the installation of GTPP will increase rapidly worldwide, and analysts expect that by 2050, the production capacity will exceed 100 GW 7 .…”

“…Sahu et al 29 considered higher degree freedom integral order controller such as 2DOF‐PID as a secondary controller to obtain better dynamic performance. Cascaded controllers such as fractional order PI‐fractional order PID, 6 fuzzy PID‐filter‐(1+PI) 30 have been proposed as a secondary controller for LFC, to enrich PS performance. Lurie 31 introduced a new controller called Tilt‐integral‐derivative (TID) that consists of non‐integer power in proportional gain and shows more accurate tuning, improved disturbance elimination ability and reduced parameter uncertainties on the system performance, than other conventional controllers.…”

“…Different classical and meta‐heuristic algorithms are used to find the optimum values. Different types of algorithms such as bacterial foraging (BFA), 4 Sine Cosine algorithm (SCA), 6 whale optimization algorithm (WOA), 8 teaching learning‐based optimization (TLBO), particle swarm optimization techniques (PSO), 33 ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO), 28,34 firefly algorithm (FA), 35 flower pollination algorithm (FPA), 36 and so on were used to tune the controller gains. Ali et al 37,38 presented an algorithm to optimize controller gains, called Mine Blast Algorithm (MBA) based on the conception of mine bomb explosion.…”

PIDF(1+FOD) controller for load frequency control with SSSC and AC–DC tie‐line in deregulated environment

“…In recent time, many authors have shown the superiority of fractional order controllers over classical controllers in the area of LFC mechanism. Novel of them are fractional order PID controller [5,19], PID μ F controller [7], cascade PI-FOPD controller [14], cascade tilted-integral-derivative controller [20], fractional-order PI-PID cascade controller [21] and cascade tiltintegral-tilt-derivative controller [22]. The controller gains are optimised by various meta-heuristic techniques like bacterial foraging optimisation [3,5], opposition-based harmonic search optimisation [6], lightning search algorithm [7], modified sine cosine algorithm [10], volleyball premier league algorithm [14], stochastic fractal search optimisation [15], hybrid bacteria foraging-particle swarm optimisation (PSO) [16], modified group search optimisation [17], antlion optimiser [18], PSO [19], salp swarm algorithm (SSA) [20], sine cosine algorithm [21] and water cycle algorithm [22].…”