Comparative performance of reference laboratory tests and in-clinic tests for Giardia in canine feces

Barbecho, Jennifer Mizhquiri; Bowman, Dwight D.; Liotta, Janice L.

doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2990-6

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, 37 (1.2%) samples tested positive for Eimeria spp., supporting the role coprophagy may have played in the discordant results. Another factor could be that a low intensity infection may not produce su cient antigen, leading to a negative CAI even though some ova were being shed [14,17]. These ndings reinforce the previously demonstrated complementary value of combining CAI with CF to enhance intestinal nematode detection [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Surprisingly, passive otation remains the most commonly used technique in clinical practice despite multiple studies demonstrating that it fails to detect many infections when compared to CF [12][13][14][15]. Combining CAI for nematode antigens with CF in the present study resulted in detection of nearly 80% (78.4%) more nematode infections than CF alone, likely due to the CAI detecting non-patent infections [16,17]. Detection of parasite ova by CF in instances when CAI was negative could be due to coprophagia or predation, resulting in a positive CF in the absence of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…All samples were processed at a single laboratory (IDEXX, 401 Industry Rd, Louisville, KY 40208, USA) employing validated CAIs for hookworm, whipworm and ascarids (Fecal Dx® and Giardia Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, Maine, USA) and Giardia [15][16][17]. A zinc sulfate CF (speci c gravity 1.24) was also used to detect a variety of parasites, including but not limited to nematodes and protozoans [20].…”

Section: Fecal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these limitations, coproantigen immunoassays (CAI) have been developed to detect proteins found in Giardia cysts or produced by immature and adult nematodes in the intestinal lumen [11][12][13][14][15]. When used with CF, CAI enhances the detection of canine intestinal parasite infections [14][15][16][17][18]. With the interstate relocation of dogs that could be infected with intestinal parasites and the availability of improved testing methodologies, there is opportunity for an up-to-date assessment of intestinal parasitism in dogs in the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study

Stafford

Kollasch

Duncan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The rapid growth in off-leash dog parks provides opportunity for canine socialization activities but carries risk of exposure to intestinal parasites. This study assessed the prevalence of these infections in dogs visiting off-leash dog parks.Methods: Fresh defecations were collected from dogs visiting parks in 30 metropolitan areas across the USA. Samples were analyzed by coproantigen immunoassay (CAI) (Fecal Dx® and Giardia Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.) and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation (CF). Owners responded to a questionnaire on their dog’s signalment and use of heartworm/intestinal parasite control medications (HWCM).Results: Samples were examined from 3006 dogs, 87.9% aged at least 12 months, visiting 288 parks. At least one intestinal parasite was detected in 622 (20.7%) samples, nematodes in 263 (8.8%), with hookworms, whipworms and ascarids in 7.1, 1.9 and 0.6% of samples, respectively. A sample positive for one or more intestinal parasites was found in 245 (85.1%) parks, with nematodes found in 143 (49.7%). Combined, CAI and CF detected 78.4% more intestinal nematode infections than CF alone. Hookworm and whipworm infections were detected in all age groups, but ascarids were only detected in dogs less than 4 years-old. Approximately 42% of dogs aged less than 1 year were positive for nematodes or Giardia. Based on owner reports, HWCM was current for 68.8% of dogs, dogs previously diagnosed with intestinal parasitism were more likely to be receiving a HWCM than those without such history, and a significantly lower (P = 0.0003) proportion of dogs receiving a HWCM were positive for intestinal nematodes compared with those not on such medication.Conclusions: Intestinal parasites, the most common of which were Giardia, Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis, were found in 20% of dogs and 85% of dog parks across the USA. Enhanced detection of canine intestinal parasitism was achieved by combining CF and CAI. Canine intestinal parasites are common across the USA and dog health can be improved by regular testing of fecal samples and routine administration of medications effective against the most common infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Fecal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study

Stafford

Kollasch

Duncan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Because of different treatment options for each disease, confirmation of presence of one or both pathogens is necessary (Bell et al, 2010;Gookin et al, 2006;Gunn-Moore and Lalor, 2011;Šlapeta et al, 2010). For G. intestinalis the in-clinic rapid diagnostic coproantigen assays are ideal, with extremely good sensitivity and specificity, and are therefore preferred for in-clinic diagnosis (Barbecho et al, 2018;Uiterwijk et al, 2018). However, no in-clinic rapid diagnostic coproantigen assay is available for T. foetus, therefore alternative tests need to be requested or undertaken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of multiplexed-tandem real-time PCR panel with reference real-time PCR molecular diagnostic assays for detection of Giardia intestinalis and Tritrichomonas foetus in cats

Meggiolaro

Roeber²,

Kobylski³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Parasitology

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Giardia intestinalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are frequent enteric protozoan parasites of the gastrointestinal track of domestic cats. Because of different treatment options for the parasites, confirmation of presence of one or both pathogens is necessary. The PCR based assays are suitable for differential diagnosis. We evaluated the performance of Small Animal Diarrhoea panel, a multiplexed-tandem real-time PCR (MT-PCR) assay, that detects DNA of both G. intestinalis and T. foetus. The sensitivity and specificity were compared to reference real-time PCR assays using 105 faecal samples, 39.05% (n = 41) positive for G. intestinalis and 30.48% (n = 32) were positive for T. foetus. The faecal samples positive for T. foetus had a high proportion of late amplifiers, determined by an arbitrary threshold of C t -values > 35. On the other hand, only one G. intestinalis positive sample was considered a late amplifier. For G. intestinalis DNA, the MT-PCR assay had 95.1% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity. For T. foetus DNA, the MT-PCR assay had 41.9% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity. To evaluate the interlaboratory reproducibility of the MT-PCR assay, results were compared in two different laboratories and found to be in a very good agreement (Kappa = 0.9). Further analysis of the DNA using conventional PCR determined presence of G. intestinalis Assemblage F and T. foetus genotype 'feline'. In conclusion, the MT-PCR Small Animal Diarrhoea panel had a good and poor performance against reference assays for G. intestinalis and T. foetus, respectively. The assay is suitable for detection and differential diagnosis of G. intestinalis and moderate to high burdens of T. foetus in small animal clinical practice.

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Giardiasis

Scorza¹,

Lappin²

2021

Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat

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Comparative performance of reference laboratory tests and in-clinic tests for Giardia in canine feces

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study

Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study

Comparison of multiplexed-tandem real-time PCR panel with reference real-time PCR molecular diagnostic assays for detection of Giardia intestinalis and Tritrichomonas foetus in cats

Giardiasis

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