Comparative photocatalytic performances towards acid yellow 17 (AY17) and direct blue 71 (DB71) degradation using Sn₃O₄ flower-like structure

Abstract

Microsphere Sn3O4 flower-like structure has been successfully synthesized using a novel microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) and UV Vis spectrophotometer equipped with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). In order to examine its photocatalytic performance, two synthetic azo-based dyes, acid yellow 17 (AY17) and direct blue 71 (DB71), have been used as organic pollutant models degraded under visible-light illumination. The results show that the negative charges of Sn3O4 produce higher efficiency photocatalytic activity on DB71 degradation compared to that on AY17 degradation. Further investigation has confirmed that the adsorption capacities played the main role in determining photocatalytic performance and differentiated the quantum yield of dye degradation. Moreover, the different adsorption capacities are generated by the formation of electrostatic interaction and repulsion between surface charge of Sn3O4 and dyes functional groups.

Enhancing the photocatalytic elimination of acephate residues using Ni0 doped and diatomite-supported NiO: optimization, pathway, and toxicity

“…The apparent quantum yields were determined by computing the ratio of used charge carriers to the entire quantity of photons that accessed the experimental setting (eqn (3)). 56,57 The values of ϕ may be derived using eqn (4), which depends on the estimated kinetic rate constants obtained from first-order modeling: 56,57 where variables K 1 (S −1 ), ελ (cm −1 M −1 ), I 0, λ (Einstein I −1 S −1 ), and (cm) represent the kinetic rate constants, molar absorbing, the strength of incoming light having a certain wavelength λ , and the diameter of the quartz cell utilized, respectively. The ϕ values obtained from the conducted experiments using varying dosages of NiO/D and Ni@NiO/D, as well as varied AC levels, are shown in Table 1.…”

“…The apparent quantum yields were determined by computing the ratio of used charge carriers to the entire quantity of photons that accessed the experimental setting (eqn (3)). 56,57 The values of f may be derived using eqn (4), which depends on the estimated kinetic rate constants obtained from first-order modeling: 56,57 f ¼ Number of LVOX molecules Number of absorbed photons ;…”

The Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism for Organic Pollutants in Seawater and the Fabrication of Catalyst-Loaded Floating Spheres for Effectively Removing Tetracycline

“…In addition, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) was calculated by the following equation, referring to the literature AQE = k ( S ) × energy false( eV false) power 0.25em density 0.25em ( W / normalm 2 ) × λ where k ( S ) represents the apparent rate constant of the photodegradation; and λ represents the wavelength utilized to activate the catalyst (λ is fixed at 500 nm).…”

“…In addition, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) was calculated by the following equation, referring to the literature 34 k S AQE ( ) energy (eV)…”

Insight into the Catalytic Performance of a Zinc-Pillared Curcumin/Bentonite Composite for Enhanced Oxidation of Ibuprofen Residuals into Environmental Products: The Pathway and Toxicity

“…T determination of apparent quantum yields was performed by calculating the ratio spent carriers of charges to the total number of photons that entered throughout experimental environment (Equation ( 3)) [50,51]. The relevant values of Φ could calculated by applying Equation ( 4), which relies on the approximated kinetic rate consta determined according to the first-order model [50][51][52]. The results derived from both of the models revealed agreement with the first-order concept for all Zn@CU/BEN dosages (that varied between 0.25 and 0.4 g/L) and IBU concentrations (that ranged between 25 mg/L and 75 mg/L) (Figure 5; Table 1).…”