Comparative physiology of rodent pulmonary macrophages: in vitro functional responses

Warheit, D. B.; Hartsky, Mark A.; S., Stefaniak, M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.64.5.1953

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to our study, Warheit et al [15,18] reported that hamster macrophages do not exhibit chemotactic response to ZAS. Even though we used the same microporous membrane system, our protocol contained variations that might explain the different result: (i) We activated hamster serum with higher concentrations of zymosan; (ii) macrophages were used at a lower concentration; and (iii) ZAS was diluted further.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The relation between zymosan concentration and chemotactic activity was described for rat macrophages, where zymosan was found to be a very potent chemotactic activator at 10 mg/ml [8]. The authors used the same zymosan concentration for their studies in hamsters [15,18]. However, the optimal zymosan concentration may vary between species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macrophages of other species like hamsters and guinea pigs, however, did not exhibit complement-dependent chemotaxis in vitro [15,17,18], but macrophage accumulation at sites of deposited particles was demonstrated in situ in hamster airways [18,19]. The rapid recruitment of macrophages to the site of particle deposition in hamster airways was reflected by a threefold increase of macrophage number reported to occur within 40 min after the inhalation of polystyrene particles [19].…”

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Bioassay for hamster macrophage chemotaxis: application to study particle-lung interactions

Geiser

Schüpbach

Waber

et al. 1998

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Attraction of lung macrophages to particle deposition sites has been demonstrated in different animal species. We reported a threefold increase of the number of macrophages to occur within 40 min after polystyrene particle deposition in hamster airways [Geiser et al. (1994) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 160: 594-603]. Complement-derived chemotactic activity is one of the mechanisms postulated for macrophage recruitment. It was the aim of this study to test whether complement-derived chemotactic activity is involved in the rapid recruitment of macrophages to the site of deposited polystyrene particles in hamster airways. We first developed an in vitro cell migration assay for hamster macrophages to assess complement-derived chemotaxis. Second, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of four hamsters that had inhaled aerosols of polystyrene microspheres were tested for chemotactic activity by this bioassay and compared with BALF of four sham-exposed hamsters. Chemotactic response of macrophages was found toward complement-activated hamster serum, whereas macrophage migration was not increased toward BALF of particle and sham-exposed hamsters. In contrast, macrophage migration to BALF of both groups was reduced by 1.6-fold. Thus, the stimulus for macrophage recruitment to the site of deposited polystyrene particles in hamster airways could not be demonstrated using this bioassay.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

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Bioassay for hamster macrophage chemotaxis: application to study particle-lung interactions

Geiser

Schüpbach

Waber

et al. 1998

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…

AM and TIM share many properties with mononuclear phagocytes from other tissues, but they have distinctive structural, metabolic and functional characteristics (Warheit et al, 1988, Brunda et al, 1991. Tumoricidal activity of AM and TIM can be induced by in vitro or in vivo exposure of these cells to certain biological response modifiers (BRM) (Fidler et al, 1982; Brunda et al, 1991).

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Tumoricidal alveolar macrophage and tumor infiltrating macrophage cell lines

Palleroni

Varesio

Wright

et al. 1991

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Continuous alveolar macrophage (AM) and tumor-infiltrated (TIM) cell lines have been generated from C57B16J mice by in vitro infection with the J2 retrovirus carrying the v-raf and v-myc oncogens. Four cloned AM cell lines (AMJ2-C8, AMJ2-C10, AMJ2-C11, AMJ2-C20) and 3 cloned TIM cell lines (TIMJ2-C4, TIMJ2-C7 and TIMJ2-C15) were expanded for further characterization. Flow cytometry detected the product of the raf gene in the cytoplasm of all these cell lines. Studies on the tumoricidal properties of these AM and TIM cell lines demonstrated differences in their response to a panel of known macrophage activators. Four of these cell lines (AMJ2-C8, AMJ2-C10, TIMJ2-C7 and TIMJ2-C15) were activated following exposure to recombinant murine interferon gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). AMJ2-C20 was only activated by incubation with rMuIFN-gamma plus LPS. AMJ2-C11 and TIMJ2-C4 are the cell lines that most closely resembled the response pattern of the parental AM and TIM, since they could be activated by either the combination of rMuIFN-gamma plus LPS or rMuIFN-gamma plus MDP. Constitutive expression of MHC-class-II antigens was low on AMJ2-C11 or TIMJ2-C4 but was increased following exposure to rMuIFN-gamma. Neither cell line secreted substantial amounts of IL-1 or TNF but both secreted large amounts of IL-6. Thus these cell lines could be powerful tools to study AM and TIM activation and cytotoxicity.

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“…Compared to the human ones, the dog's AMs have relatively less cytoplamic motility when acutely exposed to cigarette smoke (Yamaya et al, 1989) and during acute asthmatic attack (Yamaya et al, 1990). Among rodents, the AMs of the rat lung are the most efficient in clearing inhaled iron particles while the hamster ones are recruited to the site of particle deposition by noncomplement-mediated mechanism (Warheit and Hartsky, 1993) while the hamster and guinea pig's AMs best respond to bacteria (Warheit et al, 1988). Compared to those of the rat, the PSMs of the bird lung phagocytose polystylene particles more efficiently (Kiama et al, 2008).…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Defences of the Lung: Comparative Perspectives

Maina¹

2012

Respiratory Diseases

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'Our lungs are highly complex organs that are exquisitely specialized for gas exchange and host defense.' Rawlins (2010) 1. Introduction General considerationsThe most important function of the lung is to acquire molecular oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. Except probably for the gastrointestinal system, no other organ in the body interacts with the external environment as constantly and as intimately as the respiratory system. For example, during a 24 hour period, at rest, the human lung is ventilated ~25,000 times with ~20,000 L of air (e.g. Burri, 1985; Brain, 1996), it has a respiratory surface area (RSA) of ~140 m 2 (about the size of a tennis court) which is located in the acini that lie no more than 40 to 50 cm from the external environment (air) (e.g. Weibel, 1984), and the thickness of the blood-gas (tissue) barrier (BGB) (harmonic mean thickness, ht) is 0.62 μm, a value about one-fiftieth of the thickness of a foolscap paper or that of a human head hair (Gehr et al., 1978(Gehr et al., , 1990a. By weight, each day, more than 20 kg of air enters and leaves the human body, a load that far exceeds that of food and water ingested during the same time period (Brain, 1996). Depending on the level of air pollution, different types and quantities of foreign particulates and microbial pathogens are inhaled. While large RSA and thin BGB increase gas exchange, the concomitant downside to these structural properties is that they make the lung a leading portal of entry and therefore attack by pathogenic micro-organisms, damage by allergens and particulates, and injury by noxious gases (e.g. Brain, , 1992Lambrecht et al. 2001;Garn et al., 2006). The inhaled particulates are deposited on the epithelial lining of the conducting airways and that of the peripheral air spaces where they are retained for various durations before they are removed or destroyed (e.g. Geiser et al., 1988; Gehr et al., 1990 a, b). Brain (1996) observed that 'the lung is unique in that the marriage between environment and lung disease is profound. The respiratory system threfore forms a huge challenge to the body's immune integrity (e.g. von Garnier and Nicod, 2009 , 1993;Schwartz, 1994;Brunekreef et al., 1995;Ware, 2000;Pope, 2000;Nemmar et al., 2002;Pope et al., 2002;Suwa et al., 2002;Schulz et al., 2005;Kaufman, 2010;Brook et al., 2010; van den Hooven et al., 2011;Kampfrath et al., 2011 gc.ca/ccdpc-cpcmc/crdmrc/facts_gen_e.html). According to the Canadian Lung Association (CLA), the economic burden of respiratory disease in the Country is ~3 billion ($US) dollars (http://www.bukisa.com/articles/455926_lung-health-occupational-healthincidence#ixzz1I4jwMvBX). Based on net changes in gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecasts, the estimated annual cost of SARS (Sudden Avian Respiratory Syndrome) in Asia exceeds 10 billion dollars ($US) (Lee and McKibbin, 2003;Fan, 2003;McKibbin and Sidorenko, 2006) and according to the World Bank's estimates, an influenza pandemic may result in a loss (expenditure) of 800 billion dollars ($US) (Brahm...

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Comparative physiology of rodent pulmonary macrophages: in vitro functional responses

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Bioassay for hamster macrophage chemotaxis: application to study particle-lung interactions

Bioassay for hamster macrophage chemotaxis: application to study particle-lung interactions

Tumoricidal alveolar macrophage and tumor infiltrating macrophage cell lines

Cellular Defences of the Lung: Comparative Perspectives

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