Comparative plasma and urine metabolomics analysis of juvenile and adult canines

Abstract

Background and aimsThe metabolomic profile of a biofluid can be affected by age, and thus provides detailed information about the metabolic alterations in biological processes and reflects the in trinsic rule regulating the growth and developmental processes.MethodsTo systemically investigate the characteristics of multiple metabolic profiles associated with canine growth, we analyzed the metabolomics in the plasma and urine samples from 15 young and 15 adult beagle dogs via UHPLC-Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics. Blood routine and serum biochemical analyses were also performed on fasting blood samples.ResultsThe metabolomics results showed remarkable differences in metabolite fingerprints both in plasma and urine between the young and adult groups. The most obvious age-related metabolite alterations include decreased serumlevels of oxoglutaric acid and essential amino acids and derivatives but increased levels of urine levels of O-acetylserine. These changes primarily involved in amino acid metabolism and bile secretion pathways. We also found that the levels of glutamine were consistently higher in both serum and urine of adults, while N-acetylhistamine and uracil concentrations were much lower in the adult group compared to younger ones.ConclusionOur study provides a whole metabolic profile of serum and urine characteristics of young and adult canines, identifying several metabolites that were significantly associated with age change, which provides theoretical support for the nutrition-related research and age-related homeostasis maintenance in dogs.

Quantitative bile acid profiling in healthy adult dogs and pups from serum, plasma, urine, and feces using LC-MS/MS

“…This indicates that for heterogeneous patient collectives, the BA with the highest concentration may not necessarily be the best choice for diagnostic BA measurements. This finding is in general agreement with previous studies ( 31 , 41 , 42 ). The interindividual BA variations identified in the present study could be of genetic origin and so might just reflect the different genetics of different dog breeds.…”

“…Similarly, a study in rats showed significant increase of T-CA with age ( 43 ). However, a previous study using UHPLC-Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics to examine plasma samples from 15 young and 15 adult beagle dogs showed higher plasma levels for the young beagle dogs, at least for T-CA, G-CA, and T-CDCA ( 41 ). This difference might be explained by the study collective (only beagle dogs vs. diverse dog breeds in the present study) or by differences in the absolute age of the groups of young and adult dogs.…”

“…Moreover, determining which matrix (plasma, serum, urine, feces) is the most suitable for diagnostic BA measurements is essential ( 29 ). While it is impossible to get bile samples for biomarker studies and blood samples still require invasive venipuncture, the analysis of urine or feces is an attractive non-invasive alternative ( 31 , 37 , 41 ). Finally, there is no general consent in previous BA profiling studies regarding whether plasma or serum is the most appropriate matrix to analyze blood levels of BA ( 22 , 29–32 , 37 , 41 ).…”

“…While it is impossible to get bile samples for biomarker studies and blood samples still require invasive venipuncture, the analysis of urine or feces is an attractive non-invasive alternative ( 31 , 37 , 41 ). Finally, there is no general consent in previous BA profiling studies regarding whether plasma or serum is the most appropriate matrix to analyze blood levels of BA ( 22 , 29–32 , 37 , 41 ). Considering all these points, the present study contributes several important information to the field.…”