Comparative profiles of different lipoprotein cholesterol parameters and Growth Hormone during hot humid and winter season in Murrah Buffaloes

Anand, Laxmi N.; Prakash, B.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.08.005

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similarly, lactating cows show decreases in TC in hot periods of the summer (Abeni et al, 2007). In river buffalo in India, the hot humid season is associated with the decreased cholesterol and TG levels compared to the more mild winter months, which decrease the available substrate for ovarian steroidogenesis and result in low‐estrus behavior and conception rates at this time of year (Anand and Prakash, 2008). Thus, although relevant findings are relatively few, past studies suggest that extreme temperatures—whether hot or cold—can elevate metabolic rate and the demand for cholesterol in mammals, conditions that could select for the ϵ4 allele.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with the idea that low‐cholesterol levels can impair biological function, statins, a class of cholesterol lowering drugs, have been associated with decreased adrenal and sex steroid hormone levels, increases in corresponding stimulatory hormones [LH, FSH, and ACTH; reviewed in Kanat et al (2007)] and decreased vitamin E levels (Galli and Iuliano, in press). Furthermore, low‐cholesterol levels have been associated with decreased reproductive function in bovids (Anand and Prakash, 2008) and adverse birth outcomes in women (Edison et al, 2007). In addition, there is evidence that hypocholesteremia is associated with increased aggression, suicide, and accidents as well as decreased affiliative behavior (Kaplan et al, 1997; Lester, 2002; Zhang et al, 2005; Civelek et al, 2007; Lalovic et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Eisenberg

Kuzawa

Hayes

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

189

133

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The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with epsilon4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low-cholesterol levels. In high-latitude cold environments and low-latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevated, which could require higher cholesterol levels. To explore this hypothesis, we compiled APOE allele frequencies, latitude, temperature, and elevation from populations around the world. epsilon4 allele frequencies show a curvilinear relationship with absolute latitude, with lowest frequencies found in the mid-latitudes where temperatures generally require less expenditure on cooling/thermogenesis. Controlling for population structure in a subset of populations did not appreciably change this pattern of association, consistent with selection pressures that vary by latitude shaping epsilon4 allele frequencies. Temperature records also predict APOE frequency in a curvilinear fashion, with lowest epsilon4 frequencies at moderate temperatures. The model fit between historical temperatures and epsilon4 is less than between latitude and epsilon4, but strengthened after correcting for estimated temperature differences during the Paleolithic. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that elevation did not improve predictive power, and an integrated measure of the cholesterol effect of multiple APOE alleles was less related to latitude than was epsilon4 alone. Our results lend mixed support for a link between past temperature and human APOE allele distribution and point to the need to develop better models of past climate in future analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Eisenberg

Kuzawa

Hayes

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

189

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, it was shown that pre‐treatment with insulin promotes follicular development, rendering the ovary responsive to its effect (Bakr and Ramoun 2000; Ramoun et al. 2007; Anand and Prakash 2008). But the exact mechanism by which insulin exerts its influence is not clear at present.…”

Section: Reproductive Management Of Summer Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer Anoestrus in Buffalo – A Review

Das

Khan

2010

Reprod Domestic Animals

109

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The present review addresses summer anoestrus in buffaloes. The condition is a major impediment in the improvement of reproductive as well as productive efficiency in buffalo. Factors affecting summer anoestrus include environment, nutrition and management. The environmental factors especially longer day length and increased temperature with high humidity pre-dispose to the condition when the nutritive status of buffaloes is poor. Buffaloes with summer anoestrus fail to exhibit oestrus as a result of aberration in the endocrine profile leading to ovarian inactivity. Increased day length with high environmental temperature causes hyper-prolactinaemia, suppressing the secretion of gonadotrophins, which leads to an alteration in ovarian steroidogenesis. Heat stress produced during summer also affects folliculogenesis, follicular fluid microenvironment and oocyte quality. A large number of hormonal regimens have been used with varying degree of efficacy in terms of oestrus induction and conception rate. A combined strategy of improvement in environment, nutrition and management is pre-requisite for hormonal manipulation in order to improve productivity in summer anoestrus buffaloes. A brief description of summer anoestrus with special reference to factors responsible, endocrinology, deleterious effects on reproductive system and possible remedial measures is presented in this review.

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Up-regulation of milk secretion with modified microclimate through manipulating plasminogen-plasmin system in Murrah buffaloes during hot dry season

Haque¹,

Singh

Hossain

2016

Int J Biometeorol

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The present study was aimed at determining changes in milk yield and composition along with the plasminogen-plasmin system of milk, plasma hormones, and metabolites of buffaloes during hot dry season (air temperature range 39.7 to 44.8 °C) under two different management systems. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals accessed benefit of mist and fan cooling from 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., while control group animals were devoid of it. Duration of experiment was 6 weeks. Under mist and fan cooling system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, and forehead and middorsal temperatures were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 4.44 % (P < 0.001). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (7.99 vs 6.27 μg/ml; P < 0.01) and β-casein (1.09 vs 0.92 g/dl; P < 0.001) and lower plasmin level (0.178 vs 0.194 μg/ml; P < 0.05) in buffaloes under the treatment group compared to that under the control. Plasma glucose level was higher (P < 0.001) by 21.08 %, whereas cortisol, norepinephrine, and NEFA levels were lower (P < 0.001) by 19.19, 15.38, and 11.41 %, respectively, in treatment animals. However, exposure of buffaloes to cooling system did not alter composition and calcium content of milk, GH, and epinephrine level in plasma. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of cooling system during summer was effective to minimize environmental stress and improve milk production by manipulation of the PG-PL system in buffaloes.

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Comparative profiles of different lipoprotein cholesterol parameters and Growth Hormone during hot humid and winter season in Murrah Buffaloes

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

Summer Anoestrus in Buffalo – A Review

Up-regulation of milk secretion with modified microclimate through manipulating plasminogen-plasmin system in Murrah buffaloes during hot dry season

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