Comparative Proteome Analysis of Porcine Jejunum Tissues in Response to a Virulent Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Attenuated Strain

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a predominant cause of acute enteric infection, leads to severe dehydrating diarrhea and mortality in piglets all over the world. A virulent PEDV YN13 strain, isolated in our laboratory, was attenuated to yield an attenuated PEDV strain YN144. To better understand the pathogenesis mechanism and the virus-host interaction during infection with both PEDV YN13 and YN144 strains, a comparative proteomic analysis was carried out to investigate the proteomic changes produced in the primary target organ, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling, followed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 269 and 301 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the jejunum tissues of the piglets inoculated with YN13 and YN144, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were involved in stress responses, signal transduction, and the immune system. All of these involved interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) which were up-regulated in jejunums by both of the PEDV-infected groups. Based on the comparative analysis, we proposed that different changes induced by YN13 and YN144 in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), eukaryotic initiation factor 4G1 (eIF4G1), and some members in the heat shock protein (HSP) family, may be responsible for differences in their pathogenicity.

Cellular hnRNP A1 Interacts with Nucleocapsid Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Impairs Viral Replication

“…YN13 and YN144 strains were obtained by passaging the YN strain, a variant strain isolated from the intestine of a piglet with diarrhea, for 13 and 144 generations, respectively. Our previous study has demonstrated that YN13 was a virulent strain and YN144 was an attenuation strain [ 20 ]. CV777 strain, a classical PEDV strain, was provided by Chengdu Tecbond Biological Product Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).…”

“…Details of this part have been described in our previous study [ 20 ]. Briefly, twelve piglets were randomly divided into three groups of four.…”

“…Our previous work has proved that hnRNP A1 underwent different regulations in jejunum tissues of piglets infected with PEDV virulent strain and its attenuated strain [ 20 ]. Therefore, we assume that hnRNP A1 may play a role in the life cycle of PEDV.…”

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response

“…Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) belongs to the small heat shock proteins family, which has been identified as a multifunctional protein involved in cytoskeletal stability, proinflammatory processes, and the inhibition of apoptosis [222,223]. Several HSPs have been reported to be implicated in PEDV infection in vitro and in vivo [224,225]. Indeed, the infection of many viruses up-regulates HSP27 expression by different mechanisms to delay cellular apoptosis, then supplies sufficient time for viral replication [226,227].…”

Visual detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using a novel reverse transcription polymerase spiral reaction method

“…PEDV infections are more frequent in the winter [3], and although PEDV can infect swine of all ages, it causes the most serious harm to suckling piglets. Since the discovery of PED in England in 1971, the disease has expanded to many countries in Europe and Asia, especially China and South Korea, which has caused huge economic losses [4]. In China, PEDV is widely distributed, and outbreaks have a strong negative impact on the swine industry, in part due to the acute onset and fast spread of the virus,the incidence rate in piglets can be very prevalent [5][6][7].…”