Comparative proteomic analysis of different developmental stages of the edible mushroom Termitomyces heimii

Abstract

BackgroundTermitomyces heimii is a basidiomycete fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with termites, and it is an edible mushroom with a unique flavour and texture. T. heimii is also one of the most difficult mushrooms to cultivate throughout the world. Little is known about the growth and development of these mushrooms, and the available information is insufficient or poor. The purpose of this study was to provide a base of knowledge regarding the biological processes involved in the development of T. heimii. The proteomic method of 2 dimensional difference gel electrophoresis 2D-DIGE was used to determine and examine the protein profiles of each developmental stage (mycelium, primordium and fruiting body). Total proteins were extracted by TCA-acetone precipitation.ResultsA total of 271 protein spots were detected by electrophoresis covering pH 3–10 and 10–250 kDa. Selected protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometric analyses with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI TOF/TOF). Nineteen protein spots were identified based on peptide mass fingerprinting by matching peptide fragments to the NCBI non-redundant database using MASCOT software. The 19 protein spots were categorised into four major groups through KEGG pathway analysis, as follows: carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and response to environmental stress.ConclusionsThe results from our study show that there is a clear correlation between the changes in protein expression that occur during different developmental stages. Enzymes related to cell wall synthesis were most highly expressed during fruiting body formation compared to the mycelium and primordial stages. Moreover, enzymes involved in cell wall component degradation were up-regulated in the earlier stages of mushroom development.

Purification and characterisation of a sulphur rich melanin from edible mushroom Termitomyces albuminosus Heim

“…Laccase enzyme which is known to play a key role in biosynthesis of melanin has been also reported from Termitomyces (Bose et al 2007; Gangwar et al 2016). Rahmad et al (2014) identified sulphite reductase enzyme from T. heimii which plays a key role in sulphur assimilation. Our results indicate that Termitomyces species may have efficient sulphur metabolism involving an unidentified pathway linked to O-acetylserine to form cysteine (Leustek et al 2000; Kopriva and Koprivova 2003).…”

Dynamic succession of substrate-associated bacterial composition and function duringGanoderma lucidumgrowth

“…It has been previously stated that more enzymes are involved in cell wall synthesis during fruiting body formation than at the mycelium and primordial stages. However, enzymes related to cell wall component degradation were higher expressed at the earlier stages of mushroom growth ( Rahmad et al, 2014 ). Total phosphorus and potassium content in the substrate was lowest at the elongation stage, likely attributable to a high nutrient demand of G. lucidum at this stage.…”

Comparative genomics reveals unique wood‐decay strategies and fruiting body development in the Schizophyllaceae

“…An induction in stage 1 primordia was observed in both, but, whereas upregulation in A. ampla was > 2009 compared to VM, it was only 149 in S. commune. Aspartic proteases of the A1 family have been reported as highly induced in fruiting bodies in several previous studies (Martin et al, 2008;Sabotic et al, 2009;Rahmad et al, 2014;Song et al, 2018;Krizs an et al, 2019), but no mechanistic hypothesis for their role in fruiting bodies has yet been proposed.…”