Comparative proteomic changes of differentially expressed whey proteins in clinical mastitis and healthy yak cows

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Under the traditional grazing system on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, the amount of milk in domesticated yak (Bos grunniens) with clinical mastitis decreases and the milk composition is altered. To understand the mechanisms of mammary gland secreted milk and disease infection, changes in the protein composition of milk during clinical mastitis were investigated using a proteomic approach. Milk whey from yak with clinical mastitis was compared to whey from healthy animals with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using a mass spectrometer. Thirteen protein spots were identified to be four differentially expressed proteins. Increases in the concentrations of proteins of blood serum origin, including lactoferrin, were identified in mastitic whey compared to normal whey, while concentrations of the major whey proteins, casocidin-I, a-lactalbumin, and b-lactoglobulin, were downregulated in mastitic whey. These results indicated significant differences in protein expression between healthy yaks and those with clinical mastitis, and they may provide valuable information for finding new regulation markers and potential protein targets for the treatment of mastitis.

Variation of proteomic profile during lactation in Girgentana goat milk: a preliminary study

“…Increased serum albumin levels were used as indicators of mammary gland health status (Leitner et al 2004). Serum albumin was found increased drastically in cow after infection with Escherichia coli as a consequence of a bigger permeability of the blood-milk barrier (Boehmer et al 2008(Boehmer et al , 2010Li X et al 2014). The increment of serum albumin milk content showed in our work could be explained as an effect of the inflammatory state of animals belonging to the flock F2, which contributed to bulk milk sample.…”

Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation

“…The expression of LALBA increases upon treatment with a cocktail of lactogenic hormones (i.e., insulin ϩ hydrocortisone ϩ prolactin ϩ 17␤-estradiol or growth hormone), as observed in mouse and bovine mammary cells in vitro (105,199). The expression of LALBA is also induced by increased milking frequency in bovine and caprine (21,154) and by the AA Lys and Met in primary bovine mammary cells (155), but it is decreased by mastitis in dairy cow and yak (126,150) and by feed restriction in the cow (62). It is well established that the promoter region of LALBA contains a STAT5 binding site, and the presence of STAT5 is essential for the expression of LALBA in mouse (178,245).…”

Microbiome Dynamics of Bovine Mastitis Progression and Genomic Determinants

“…The mastitis-associated microbiomes harbored a higher number of genes for nutrient transport 60 , and carbohydrate metabolism through TCA-cycle 61 . Moreover, increased benzoate degradation by different strains of Acinetobacter and Klebsiella through TCA-cycle might promote bacterial growth, and virulence factors expression during mammary gland pathogenesis 62 . The methyl-accepting transmembrane chemotaxis genes were upregulated in RCM and CM-associated pathogens suggesting their role in cell-to-cell communication, early phase attachment to or entry into the udder tissues, and virulence regulation 62 .…”

“…Moreover, increased benzoate degradation by different strains of Acinetobacter and Klebsiella through TCA-cycle might promote bacterial growth, and virulence factors expression during mammary gland pathogenesis 62 . The methyl-accepting transmembrane chemotaxis genes were upregulated in RCM and CM-associated pathogens suggesting their role in cell-to-cell communication, early phase attachment to or entry into the udder tissues, and virulence regulation 62 . The aerotaxis receptor gene was overexpressed in H milk microbiomes, which is thought to sense internal redox states, and mediate bacterial movement towards optimal oxygen conditions or mediate maximal growth of bacteria 24,62 .…”

“…The methyl-accepting transmembrane chemotaxis genes were upregulated in RCM and CM-associated pathogens suggesting their role in cell-to-cell communication, early phase attachment to or entry into the udder tissues, and virulence regulation 62 . The aerotaxis receptor gene was overexpressed in H milk microbiomes, which is thought to sense internal redox states, and mediate bacterial movement towards optimal oxygen conditions or mediate maximal growth of bacteria 24,62 . The p53 signaling being remained increasingly identified in healthy-milk microbiomes might response to a stress signal, and activated in a specific manner by post-translational modifications which leads to either cell cycle arrest or mammary gland apoptosis 63 .…”