Comparative Rates of Androgen Production and Metabolism in Caucasian and Chinese Subjects

Santner, Steven J.; Albertson, B. D.; Zhang, G.-Y.; Zhang, G.-H.; Santulli, Michael; Wang, C.; Demers, Lawrence M.; Shackleton, C H; Santen, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)61690-2

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Two possible mechanisms underline the observed population difference of MMIs between the Chinese and Caucasian groups: (1) lower testosterone concentration (TC) in the native Chinese than in Caucasians. Native Chinese men's levels of testosterone production and plasma testosterone were lower than those of Caucasian men from the USA [41]. Testosterone plays a key role in muscle hypertrophy [19,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The differences of sarcopenia-related phenotypes: effects of gender and population

Zhong

Lei

Yang

et al. 2011

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Sarcopenia is a serious condition especially in the elderly population mainly characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with aging. Extremity skeletal muscle mass index (EMMI) (sum of skeletal muscle mass in arms and legs/height 2 ) is gaining popularity in sarcopenia definition (less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young adult reference group), but little is known about the gender-and population-specific differences of EMMI. This study aimed at investigating the differences of EMMI, arm muscle mass index (AMMI), and leg muscle mass index (LMMI) between gender groups and populations (Chinese vs. Caucasians). The participants included 1,809 Chinese and 362 Caucasians with normal weight aged from 19 to 45 years old. Extremity muscle mass, arm muscle mass, and leg muscle mass were measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Independent sample t tests were used to analyze the differences in muscle mass indexes between the studied groups. All the study parameters including EMMIs, AMMIs, and LMMIs were significantly higher (P≤0.0003) in the Caucasian group than in the Chinese group and also higher in the male group than in the female group, and these significant differences (P≤0.0005) remained after adjusting for age by simple regressions. The detected differences of muscle mass indexes between different gender and ethnic groups may provide important implications in their different risk of future sarcopenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The differences of sarcopenia-related phenotypes: effects of gender and population

Zhong

Lei

Yang

et al. 2011

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…The mechanistic relationship between these factors and 5-alpha-reductase activity is unknown. In contrast, comparisons of 5-alpha-reductase metabolism between native and American-born Chinese men showed only modest differences (Santner et al, 1998). It has been further suggested that developmental factors earlier in life may also play an important role in future prostate cancer risk (Shimizu et al, 1991).…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Population Variation Prostate Cancementioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male

Bribiescas

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

211

117

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Until recently, the reproductive ecology of human males has not been extensively investigated, primarily as a result of the need for a theoretical framework based on the reproductive constraints and energetics of mammalian males. More specifically, male reproductive ecology has necessitated an integrative interpretation of clinical and anthropological data based on the premise that the evolution of human male life histories has involved selection for physiological mechanisms aimed at optimizing trade-offs between survivorship and reproductive effort. This paper attempts to address this gap in our understanding by presenting the current state of male reproductive ecology, including physiologic data from clinical and anthropological investigations as well as recent theoretical developments. Recent investigations outlining population variation in reproductive endocrine function are discussed within the context of potential sources of variation, including energetic expediture, caloric intake, and developmental canalization during adolescence. Additional summaries of male senescence and behavior are presented to provide a complete overview of male life history. Implications of recent anthropological data on contemporary health issues such as prostate cancer and the development of a male contraceptive are also discussed. Finally, several theories are presented that may contribute to our understanding of the evolution of male life histories and reproductive ecology, including theoretical suggestions involving the role of competition, mate choosiness, and potential constraints on male insemination ability, as well as a theory suggesting that male reproductive ecology may be best understood by analyzing energetic allocation decisions between differing somatic tissues that may be indicative of the competing needs for optimizing survivorship and reproductive effort. Directions for future research are finally considered.

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“…However, such differences have not been observed in studies in older men (Hill et al 1980;Kubricht et al 1999), indicating that increasing age may attenuate racial differences in testosterone concentration (Ellis & Nyborg, 1992). The evidence that Asian men of any age have lower levels of testosterone compared with Caucasian men is more inconsistent, with both associations (De Jong et al 1991;Santer et al 1998) and no associations being found (Lookingbill et al 1991;Ellis & Nyborg, 1992;Ross et al 1992;Jin et al 1999). Nevertheless, Caucasian and African ±American men have been found to have 25± 45 % higher A-diol-g concentrations compared with Asian men at young ages (Lookingbill et al 1991;Ross et al 1992).…”

Section: Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet on circulating sex hormone levels in men

Allen¹,

Key²

2000

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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There is considerable epidemiological evidence that a Western-style diet may increase the risk of certain hormone-dependent conditions in men via its effects on hormone metabolism. Experimental evidence also suggests that dietary factors may exert subtle effects on hormone metabolism. Here we review the clinical and epidemiological evidence that diet is associated with circulating sex hormone levels in men. In comparison with factors such as age and BMI, nutrients do not appear to be strong determinants of sex hormone levels. Dietary intervention studies have not shown that a change in dietary fat and/or dietary ®bre intake is associated with changes in circulating sex hormone concentrations over the short term. The data on the effects of dietary phyto-oestrogens on sex hormone levels in men are too limited for conclusions to be drawn. Observational studies between men from different dietary groups have shown that a vegan diet is associated with small but signi®cant increases in sex-hormone-binding globulin and testosterone concentrations in comparison with meat-eaters. However, these studies have not demonstrated that variations in dietary composition have any long-term important effects on circulating bioavailable sex hormone levels in men. This lack of effect may be partly explained by the body's negative feedback mechanism, which balances out small changes in androgen metabolism in order to maintain a constant level of circulating bioavailable androgens. It appears, therefore, that future studies should look for dietary effects on the feedback mechanism itself, or on the metabolism of androgens within the target tissues.

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Comparative Rates of Androgen Production and Metabolism in Caucasian and Chinese Subjects

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The differences of sarcopenia-related phenotypes: effects of gender and population

The differences of sarcopenia-related phenotypes: effects of gender and population

Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male

The effects of diet on circulating sex hormone levels in men

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