Comparative reproductive biology of Primula merrilliana Schltr. and P. cicutariifolia Pax

Minglin, Chen

doi:10.1007/s00606-008-0125-9

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In heterostylous species, many data on stigma-anther separation have been recorded, and in most of cases, stigmas and anthers are placed much closer to each other in L-morphs than in Smorphs Chen, 2009;Opler et al, 1975;Pailler et al, 1998;Richards and Koptur, 1993). We too observed in present study that S-morphs of P. hastato-sagittatum have a greater stigma-anther separation than L-morphs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…Morph-depending different densities of stigma papillae have been reported for tristylous Lythrum salicaria (Hermann et al, 1999) and for distylous P. jucundum , P. merrilliana (Chen, 2009), Linum pubescens (Dulberger, 1998) and in all distylous Villarsia spp. (Dulberger and Ornduff, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most often the S-morph stigma is larger, e.g. in P. juncundum , Primula merrilliana (Chen, 2009), P. malacoides (Pandey and Troughton, 1974) and Hedyotis caerulea (Ornduff, 1980), while in a few heterostylous species, such as Jepsonia parryi (Ornduff, 1970), the stigma of L-morph is larger. In P. hastato-sagittatum the Smorph stigmata are larger than that of L-morphs, as it is the case also in the con-generic P. jucundum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral morphology and breeding system in Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak. (Polygonaceae)

Chen¹

2012

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral morphology and breeding system in Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak. (Polygonaceae)

Chen¹

2012

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…Morphological patterns among some species illustrate overall decreased floral size of homostyles compared to heterostyles, as expected (compare, e.g., homostylous Primula cicutariifolia vs. heterostylous Primula merilliana; Primula prenantha vs. Primula serratifolia; Primula muscoides vs. putatively closely related Primula reptans ; Figs. , S2; Chen ). Among other species, morphological patterns are strikingly different, incongruent with a selfing syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transition from heterostyly to homostyly is a classic system to investigate the genetic, ecological, and population biological contexts for the evolution of selfing (reviewed, e.g., by Ernst ; Barrett , ; Lewis and Jones ; Barrett and Shore ). Field experiments revealed a high capacity for self‐fertilization in several homostylous primroses (e.g., Washitani et al ; Carlson et al ; Chen ; de Vos et al ), although genetic estimates of the actual selfing rate are rarely available (Piper et al ). Our analyses indicate that homostylous species have strongly reduced herkogamy (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small and Ugly? Phylogenetic Analyses of the “Selfing Syndrome” Reveal Complex Evolutionary Fates of Monomorphic Primrose Flowers

2014

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One of the most common trends in plant evolution, loss of self-incompatibility and ensuing increases in selfing, is generally assumed to be associated with a suite of phenotypic changes, notably a reduction of floral size, termed the selfing syndrome.We investigate whether floral morphological traits indeed decrease in a deterministic fashion after losses of self-incompatibility, as traditionally expected, using a phylogeny of 124 primrose species containing nine independent transitions from heterostyly (heteromorphic incompatibility) to homostyly (monomorphic self-compatibility), a classic system for evolution of selfing. We find similar overall variability of homostylous and heterostylous species, except for diminished herkogamy in homostyles. Bayesian mixed models demonstrate differences between homostylous and heterostylous species in all traits, but net effects across species are small (except herkogamy) and directionality differs among traits. Strongly drift-like evolutionary trajectories of corolla tube length and corolla diameter inferred by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models contrast with expected deterministic trajectories toward small floral size. Lineage-specific population genetic effects associated with evolution of selfing may explain that reductions of floral size represent one of several possible outcomes of floral evolution after loss of heterostyly in primroses. Contrary to the traditional paradigm, selfing syndromes may, but do not necessarily evolve in response to increased selfing. K E Y W O R D S :Breeding system, floral evolution, heterostyly, homostyly, phylogenetic comparative methods, Primula, selfincompatibility.

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The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii

Liu

Jia

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Evolutionary breakdown from rigorous outbreeding to self‐fertilization frequently occurs in angiosperms. Since the pollinators are not necessary, self‐compatible populations often reduce investment in floral display characteristics and pollination reward. Primula forbesii is a biennial herb with distribution restricted to southwest China; it was initially a self‐incompatible distylous species, but after 20 years of artificial domestication, homostyly appeared. This change in style provides an ideal material to explore the time required for plant mating systems to adapt to new environmental changes and test whether flower attraction has reduced following transitions to selfing. We did a survey in wild populations of P. forbesii where its seeds were originally collected 20 years ago and recorded the floral morph frequencies and morphologies. The floral morphologies, self‐incompatibility, floral scent, and pollinator visitation between distyly and homostyly were compared in greenhouse. Floral morph frequencies of wild populations did not change, while the cultivated population was inclined to L‐morph and produced homostyly. Evidence from stigma papillae and pollen size supports the hypothesis that the homostyly possibly originated from mutations of large effect genes in distylous linkage region. Transitions to self‐compatible homostyly are accompanied by smaller corolla size, lower amounts of terpenoids, especially linalool and higher amounts of fatty acid derivatives. The main pollinators in the greenhouse were short‐tongued Apis cerana. However, homostyly had reduced visiting frequency. The mating system of P. forbesii changed rapidly in just about 20 years of domestication, and our findings confirm the hypothesis that the transition to selfing is accompanied by decreased flower attraction.

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Comparative reproductive biology of Primula merrilliana Schltr. and P. cicutariifolia Pax

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Floral morphology and breeding system in Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak. (Polygonaceae)

Floral morphology and breeding system in Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak. (Polygonaceae)

Small and Ugly? Phylogenetic Analyses of the “Selfing Syndrome” Reveal Complex Evolutionary Fates of Monomorphic Primrose Flowers

The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii

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