Comparative response of SOD in different plants against cadmium and drought stress at the molecular level

Abstract

Abiotic stress like drought and heavy metal imposes a negative impact on exposed plants’ growth and development, commences over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside plant cells resulting in oxidative stress at the cellular level. After that, plants activate multiple defense mechanisms, within which the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family acts as the first line of defense to eliminate ROS. From the literature, it is evident that fewer studies have been carried out in combination with molecular evolution and phylogenetics, and expression profile of the SOD genes amidst dicot and the monocot at subcellular level against drought stress and cadmium (Cd) metal exposure. In the present study, SOD isogenes are identified in purposely elected two dicot plants i.e. Arabidopsis thaliana (9 genes), Solanum lycopersicum (8 genes) and two monocot plants namely Triticum aestivum (11 genes), and Oryza sativa (7 genes), respectively. Based on the amino acids sequence similarities, the identified proteins are classified into three subfamilies in accordance to their phylogenetic relationships, namely Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, and MnSOD. High variability observed between Cu/ZnSOD with other two groups i.e. FeSOD and MnSOD which showed lesser variation within them by using secondary structure predication. Subcellular localization suggested that genes encoding FeSOD, MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD are predominant in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm, respectively in studied plants. The expression profiling through microarray analysis showed varied strategies of SOD isogenes against drought stress and Cd exposure individually. From the perspective of evolution, this study would expand our knowledge for vividly understanding the role of distinctive SOD isogenes in detoxifying ROS in different plants under various abiotic stresses.

Identification and characterization of the critical genes encoding Cd-induced enhancement of SOD isozymes activities in Zhe-Maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus)

“…The findings revealed that the OjSOD genes in roots were responsive to various heavy metal stresses, with Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 exhibiting significantly increased expression levels ( Figure 8 ). This aligns with prior research findings in rice, which reported that the expression of OsCu/ZnSOD-3 was markedly increased in response to Cd stress, serving as a defense mechanism against the toxic effects of Cd ( Yang et al., 2020 ). Similarly, Liu et al.…”

“…This categorization aligns with the classifications in Nicotiana tabacum (Huo et al, 2022), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Han et al, 2020), soybeans (Aleem et al, 2022), Daucus carota (Zameer et al, 2022), potato Hou et al 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355849 Frontiers in Plant Science frontiersin.org (Rudićet al, 2022), and wheat (Tounsi et al, 2023) 8). This aligns with prior research findings in rice, which reported that the expression of OsCu/ZnSOD-3 was markedly increased in response to Cd stress, serving as a defense mechanism against the toxic effects of Cd (Yang et al, 2020). Similarly, Liu et al found a notable increase in the expression of Cu/ZnSOD under Cd treatment in rice (Liu et al, 2023).…”

Biotoxicity of NH4+ on Nostoc Sphaeroides (diazotrophic cyanobacteria) in paddy floodwater

“…ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism (Sies et al, 2022;Jadhav et al, 2011). Under normal conditions, the production and scavenging of intracellular ROS are in dynamic balance (Yan et al, 2022;Yu et al, 2020). The results presented this study showed that the ROS and the MDA content in GXM increased significantly when the NH + 4 concentration was 67.30 mg L −1 .…”

Promising New Methods Based on the SOD Enzyme and SAUR36 Gene to Screen for Canola Materials with Heavy Metal Resistance

“…Gokul et al [ 68 ] found that SOD activity affected the heavy metal stress tolerance of Brassica napus. Yu et al [ 69 ] revealed the function of SOD in the interaction between plants and abiotic stress, and SOD played an important role in plants’ tolerance to Cd stress. At present, SOD has been widely studied in the neighborhood where plants tolerate abiotic stress.…”