Comparative Responses of Lactating Cows to Total Mixed Rations or Computerized Individual Concentrates Feeding

Maltz, E.; Devir, S.; Kroll, O.; Zur, B.; Spahr, S.L.; Shanks, R.D.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77916-8

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Generally, feeding forages and concentrates as TMR increases DMI when compared to feeding the same ingredients separately (Maltz et al, 1992). In our model, the effect of concentrate feeding is accounted for by the CDMI index, but the feeding technique (TMR v. separate) may contribute to the RMSE difference between the mixed and simple models.…”

Section: Management and Environmental Factors Influencing Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of the effects of animal and dietary factors on total dry matter intake of dairy cows fed silage-based diets

Huhtanen

Rinne

Mäntysaari

et al. 2011

Animal

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An empirical regression model for the prediction of total dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows was developed and compared with four published intake models. The model was constructed to include both animal and dietary factors, which are known to affect DMI. For model development, a data set based on individual cow data from 10 change-over and four continuous milk production studies was collected (n 5 1554). Relevant animal (live weight (LW), days in milk (DIM), parity and breed) and dietary (total and concentrate DMI, concentrate composition, forage digestibility and fermentation quality) data were collected. The model factors were limited to those that are available before the diets are fed to animals, that is, standardized energy corrected milk (sECM) yield, LW, DIM and diet quality (total diet DMI index (TDMI index)). As observed ECM yield is a function of both the production potential of the cow and diet quality, ECM yield standardized for DIM, TDMI index and metabolizable protein concentration was used in modelling. In the individual data set, correlation coefficients between sECM and TDMI index or DIM were much weaker (0.16 and 0.03) than corresponding coefficients with observed ECM (0.65 and 0.46), respectively. The model was constructed with a mixed model regression analysis using cow within trial as a random factor. The following mixed model was estimated for DMI prediction: DMI (kg DM/day) 5 22.9 (60.56)10.258 (60.011) 3 sECM (kg/day) 1 0.0148 (60.0009) 3 LW (kg) 20.0175 (60.001) 3 DIM 25.85 (60.41) 3 exp (20.03 3 DIM) 1 0.09 (60.002) 3 TDMI index. The mixed DMI model was evaluated with a treatment mean data set (207 studies, 992 diets), and the following relationship was found: Observed DMI (kg DM/day) 5 20.10 (60.33) 1 1.004 (60.019) 3 Predicted DMI (kg DM/day) with an adjusted residual mean square error of 0.362 kg/day. Evaluation of the residuals did not result in a significant mean bias or linear slope bias, and random error accounted for proportionally .0.99 of the error. In conclusion, the DMI model developed is considered robust because of low mean prediction error, accurate and precise validation, and numerically small differences in the parameter values of model variables when estimated with mixed or simple regression models. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System was the most accurate of the four other published DMI models evaluated using individual or treatment mean data, but in most cases mean and linear slope biases were relatively high, and, interestingly, there were large differences in both mean and linear slope biases between the two data sets.

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Section: Management and Environmental Factors Influencing Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of the effects of animal and dietary factors on total dry matter intake of dairy cows fed silage-based diets

Huhtanen

Rinne

Mäntysaari

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Examples of using on-line recording of real-time parameters as milk yield and live weight as basis for feed management have been presented (Maltz et al, 1991;Maltz et al, 1992). Live weight changes can be used to identify individual cow's energy balance and divide individual lactations in the physiological stages of mobilization and deposition (Maltz et al, 1997) and large variation in duration of the mobilization period of cows offered the same ration are demonstrated (Akinyele and Spahr, 1975;Bossen and Weisbjerg, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Allocation of feed based on individual dairy cow live weight changes

Bossen

Weisbjerg

2009

Livestock Science

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“…15 (2006): 268-279. ration (TMR) or feeding silage and concentrates separately are both commonly used feeding strategies on dairy farms. In free stall barns, separate concentrate feeding has been accomplished using automatic computerised concentrate feeders (Maltz et al 1992, Yan et al 1998, Yrjänen et al 2003.…”

Section: A G R I C U L T U R a L A N D F O O D S C I E N C Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The circumstances might be less optimal for multiparous cows concerning the use of only one TMR in feeding because those cows produce more milk in early lactation and they have a different lactation curve (a clear peak) and energy partitioning compared to primiparous cows. Maltz et al (1992) concluded that computerised dispensing of concentrates can economize on the consumption of concentrates when grouping, and feeding different TMRs is not possible especially in the case of small herds. It is also possible to combine separate concentrate feeding and TMR feeding strategies so that, in addition to TMR, concentrates are fed from automatic feeders.…”

Section: A G R I C U L T U R a L A N D F O O D S C I E N C Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minor decreases in body condition scores on both strategies indicated little nutrient mobilisation from tissues. Maltz et al (1992) reported that when cows were fed TMR (about 66% concentrate), they gained more body weight than cows in an individually supplemented group. In the present study, feeding strategies did not affect the yield of ECM per MJ ME and of milk protein g (g absorbed amino acids) -1 , and average values of 0.13 kg ECM and 0.51 g protein yield were recorded.…”

Section: Et Al Offering Additional Concentrates With Total Mixed Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of concentrate feeding strategy on the performance of dairy cows fed total mixed rations

Khalili¹,

Mäntysaari²,

Sariola³

2008

AFSci

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Little information is available concerning the effects of offering additional concentrates with total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production. The aim of the present study was to compare TMR representing simplified feeding (TMR1) with TMR combined with a decreasing amount of additional concentrate (TMR2C). Finnish Ayrshire cows (39) were housed in a loose housing barn. TMR1 consisted of a mixed ration of grass silage (0.49) and concentrates (0.51). In TMR2C, the same grass silage and concentrate were mixed in a ratio of 55:45. In TMR2C, cows were offered additional concentrates from automatic feeders differing in composition from the concentrate in TMR1 [6.5 kg d -1 (first 100 days, Phase 1), 3.0 kg d -1 (subsequent 50 days, Phase 2) and no concentrate thereafter (Phase 3)]. During the whole experiment (224 days), total consumption of concentrates per cow averaged 2426 kg dry matter (TMR1) and 2414 kg dry matter (TMR2C). There were no significant differences in mean total dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein or absorbed amino acid intakes. During Phase 2, total intake of all cows fed TMR2C was one kg lower (P = 0.10) than for cows fed TMR1. This was due to differences in total feed intake of multiparous cows. Average yields (kg d -1 ) of milk, energy corrected milk, protein, fat and lactose were not significantly different between diets. During Phase 2, primiparous cows tended to produce more energy corrected milk on TMR2C than on TMR1. The results showed that both TMR1 and TMR2C were equal feeding strategies for early lactating cows and cows did not benefit from greater concentrate consumption in early stage of lactation when total consumption of concentrates was similar.Key words: dairy cows, concentrates, grass silage, total mixed ration, milk yield, feed intake IntroductionDuring the EU membership since 1995 the number of Finnish farms has fallen, but the average size has increased (Niemi and Ahlstedt 2003). Considering the housing of cows, loose housing is currently often the housing type used in Finland in production units of 50-60 cows or more. Mixing concentrates and silage in a total mixed A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C EVol. 15 (2006): 268-279. ration (TMR) or feeding silage and concentrates separately are both commonly used feeding strategies on dairy farms. In free stall barns, separate concentrate feeding has been accomplished using automatic computerised concentrate feeders (Maltz et al. 1992, Yan et al. 1998, Yrjänen et al. 2003.In the case of TMR feeding the farm manager decides whether to use one TMR for the whole milking herd or to prepare multiple TMRs (having e.g. high and medium nutrient concentrations) for several groups of cows. In Finland, multiple TMRs and grouping of cows are difficult because of the relatively small herd sizes on farms. Therefore, one TMR for all milking cows would be a practical feeding strategy. Recently, Mäntysaari et al. (2004) reported that feeding fixed or decreasing proportions of concentrates in the TMR to primiparous cows durin...

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Comparative Responses of Lactating Cows to Total Mixed Rations or Computerized Individual Concentrates Feeding

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Integration of the effects of animal and dietary factors on total dry matter intake of dairy cows fed silage-based diets

Integration of the effects of animal and dietary factors on total dry matter intake of dairy cows fed silage-based diets

Allocation of feed based on individual dairy cow live weight changes

Effect of concentrate feeding strategy on the performance of dairy cows fed total mixed rations

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