Comparative Responses of Phenology and Reproductive Development to Simulated Environmental Change in Sub-Arctic and High Arctic Plants

Wookey, Philip A.; Parsons, Andrew N.; Welker, J. M.; Potter, Jacqueline; Callaghan, Terry V.; Lee, John A.; Press, M. C.

doi:10.2307/3545361

Cited by 264 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Under the conditions of increased acidification of subarctic plant communities, these species might even benefit, although this depends on local conditions and/or on interaction with other species. However, for the long-term dynamics of populations under the conditions of climate change predicted for high latitudes, genetic recombination and, therefore, sexual reproduction might be needed to generate tolerance to environmental changes of great magnitude (Wookey et al, 1993). In addition, dispersal by means of sexual reproduction might govern the rate of species migration under changing climate.…”

Section: Implications Of the Aeid Rain Effects On Sub-aretic Divarf Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of ground vegetation to prolonged simulated acid rain in sub‐arctic pine—birch forest

Shevtsova

Neuvonen

1997

New Phytologist

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S U M M A R YThe efiects of prolonged simulated acid rain on percentage cover of ground vegetation, and on growth and reproduction of two dominating dwarf shrubs {Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea) were examined in a field experiment in the Finnish Subarctic, in an area with low ambient levels of sulphur and nitrogen deposition. Acid rain treatments included moderate (pH 3'8) and high (pH 2-9) concentrations of either H,SO^, or HNO3, or a mixture of them, and were compared with irrigated (pH 6) and dry control plots.Long-term application of acid rain caused significant alteration in the cover and composition of ground vegetation. Effects of acid rain depended on the accompanying anion and on pH. Sub-plots under different canopy tree species differed in responses indicating that spatial heterogeneity is important in predicting the effect of acidifying pollution on this plant community.In the bottom layer, acid rain caused significant reduction in cover of the cyanobacterial lichens Aephroma arcticuw and Peltigera spp. Decrease in cover of fruticose lichens, mainly composed of Cladina spp., more likely resulted from additional watering.In the field layer, acid rain containing moderate concentrations of NO.," caused an increase in cover of graminoid species. There were only slight alterations in growth and cover of the two dominant evergreen dwarf shrubs, E. nigrum and V. vitis-idaea, indicating that these species are tolerant to acid rain of as low as pH 3. Even some positive responses of dwarf shrubs were observed, depending on canopy tree. Application of acid rain of pH 3 to plots under pine trees caused an increase in cover of V. vitis-idaea and, when the nitric acid only was applied, a short-term increase in the number of new shoots of E. nigrum.In contrast to vegetative growth, reproduction of the dwarf shrubs was more strongly affected by acid ram, but this also depended on local conditions and anion composition of acid rain. On 'pine' plots, rain of pH 3 reduced the number of berries and flower buds on terminal current shoot of E. nigrum, however, this was partially compensated by an increase in berr\' production at the ramet level. Simulated acid rain had mainly negati\-e effects on berry production by V. vitis-idaea.

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Section: Implications Of the Aeid Rain Effects On Sub-aretic Divarf Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of ground vegetation to prolonged simulated acid rain in sub‐arctic pine—birch forest

Shevtsova

Neuvonen

1997

New Phytologist

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“…After 17 years of fertilization, however, we found that fertilizer had little to no effect on the phenological timing, nor the final phenological stage reached, of these species. In sites with closed vegetation cover dominated by clonally proliferating species, such as this boreal forest, competition for light, nutrients, and/or water tends to be severe (Wookey et al, 1993). As a result, plants may strategically invest greater resources in vegetative growth rather than reproductive growth, because the opportunity for successful germination or seedling development tends to decrease as competition increases (Wookey et al, 1993;Arft et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have investigated the effects of fertilization on plant phenology (Larigauderie and Kummerow, 1991;Wookey et al, 1993;Erhardt et al, 2005;Cleland et al, 2006), but none have imposed fertilization treatments for this extended length of time. In our study, E. angustifolium was the only species in which the phenological timing was affected by fertilizer, with early phenological stages (emergence, first full leaf, and budding) occurring approximately 3-7 days earlier in fertilized plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sites with closed vegetation cover dominated by clonally proliferating species, such as this boreal forest, competition for light, nutrients, and/or water tends to be severe (Wookey et al, 1993). As a result, plants may strategically invest greater resources in vegetative growth rather than reproductive growth, because the opportunity for successful germination or seedling development tends to decrease as competition increases (Wookey et al, 1993;Arft et al, 1999). All 7 species we examined are clonal, and we hypothesize that the increased abundance observed by Turkington et al (2002), is likely due to effects of fertilizer on vegetative, rather than sexual reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voles Are Attracted to Fertilizer in Field Experiments

Treberg

Edwards

Turkington

2010

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…Using the twin criteria of a moisture deficit threshold of 15 mm and persistence of these conditions for longer than 23 days (i.e. 20% of available growing season), periods of significant plant water stress are highlighted ( [10,29,67]; Fig. 8a-c).…”

Section: Modelled Irrigation Requirement From Contemporary Climate Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Soils and palaeo-climate based evidence for irrigation requirements in Norse Greenland

Adderley¹,

Simpson²

2006

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Establishing and sustaining agricultural production was a key factor in the success of Norse settlements during the landnám colonisation across the North Atlantic. In light of the occurrence of channel features in several abandoned home-field areas of the Norse Eastern Settlement of Greenland, and the irrigation requirements of presentday Greenlandic sheep-farmers questions are raised: was irrigation used by the Norse settlers of Greenland on their home-field areas? and, if so, how frequently? Modelling of soil chemical, physical and soil-water hydraulic properties integrated with contemporary highresolution climatic data demonstrate a frequent requirement for irrigation. Soil moisture deficits are related to the duration and intensity of winter temperature. Using the winter Dye 3 ice core δ 18 O record as a climatic proxy, the frequency of moisture deficits, based on comparing mean winter temperatures, indicates that there was a frequent irrigation requirement to maintain home-field productivity, increasing throughout the period of settlement until the 14th Century.

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Comparative Responses of Phenology and Reproductive Development to Simulated Environmental Change in Sub-Arctic and High Arctic Plants

Cited by 264 publications

References 44 publications

Responses of ground vegetation to prolonged simulated acid rain in sub‐arctic pine—birch forest

Responses of ground vegetation to prolonged simulated acid rain in sub‐arctic pine—birch forest

Voles Are Attracted to Fertilizer in Field Experiments

Soils and palaeo-climate based evidence for irrigation requirements in Norse Greenland

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