Comparative Review of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza A Respiratory Viruses

Abdelrahman, Zeinab; Li, Mengyuan; Wang, Xiaosheng

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.552909

Cited by 391 publications

(362 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The rs6598045 SNP, which is located on the proximal promoter of the IFITM3 gene, is related to transcriptional efficiency via the binding ability of the transcription factor TFII-I and is a novel candidate SNP associated with the susceptibility to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection [ 11 ]. Although viral receptor and binding protein are different between SARS-CoV-2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus, both viruses showed several commonalities including RNA genome, identical target cell, similar respiratory symptoms and co-morbidities related to severe illness [ 25 , 26 ]. Thus, we selected polymorphisms, which have been previously reported for an association with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A H1N1 pandemic 2009 virus [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Correlation between the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and the rs6598045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Gene at the Population-Level

Kim

Jeong

2020

Genes

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a fatal pandemic disease that is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 13 December, 2020, over 70,000,000 cases and 1,500,000 deaths have been reported over a period of several months; however, the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not been elucidated. To identify the novel risk genetic biomarker for COVID-19, we evaluated the correlation between the case fatality rate of COVID-19 and the genetic polymorphisms of several potential COVID-19-related genes, including interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), interleukin 6 (IL6), leucine zipper transcription factor-like protein 1 (LZTFL1), and the ABO genes, in various ethnic groups. We obtained the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths from the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 dashboard and calculated the case fatality rate of each ethnic group. In addition, we obtained the allele distribution of the polymorphisms of the IFITM3, ACE2, TMPRSS2, IL6, LZTFL1, and ABO genes from the 1000 Genomes Project and performed Log-linear regression analysis using SAS version 9.4. We found different COVID-19 case fatality rates in each ethnic group. Notably, we identified a strong correlation between the case fatality rate of COVID-19 and the allele frequency of the rs6598045 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the IFITM3 gene. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a strong correlation between the COVID-19 case fatality rate and the rs6598045 SNP of the IFITM3 gene at the population-level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Correlation between the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and the rs6598045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Gene at the Population-Level

Kim

Jeong

2020

Genes

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“…to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of using masks in a community setting to reduce the spread of COVID-19 or other similar pandemic ( 20 , 21 ); and in particular, to evaluate the effects of using vs. not using masks on mortality, infection rate and basic reproduction number ( R 0 ).…”

Section: Aimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Mask Use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Evidence is needed on the effectiveness of wearing face masks in the community to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of face mask use in a community setting and to predict the effectiveness of wearing a mask. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH, The Cochrane Library, and pre-prints from inception to 22 April 2020 without restriction by language. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane and GRADE approach.Findings: Our search identified 35 studies, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (4,017 patients), 10 comparative studies (18,984 patients), 13 predictive models, nine laboratory experimental studies. For reducing infection rates, the estimates of cluster-RCTs were in favor of wearing face masks vs. no mask, but not at statistically significant levels (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.78–1.05). Similar findings were reported in observational studies. Mathematical models indicated an important decrease in mortality when the population mask coverage is near-universal, regardless of mask efficacy. In the best-case scenario, when the mask efficacy is at 95%, the R0 can fall to 0.99 from an initial value of 16.90. Levels of mask filtration efficiency were heterogeneous, depending on the materials used (surgical mask: 45–97%). One laboratory study suggested a viral load reduction of 0.25 (95% CI 0.09–0.67) in favor of mask vs. no mask.Interpretation: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of face masks in a community setting. Robust randomized trials on face mask effectiveness are needed to inform evidence-based policies.PROSPERO registration: CRD42020184963.

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“…It is a roadmap for postepidemic science at the same time. 2 The Environmental And Economic Impacts Of Covid-19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Covid 19 on the Performance of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant

Gürkan

2020

Preprint

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Comparative Review of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza A Respiratory Viruses

Cited by 391 publications

References 122 publications

Strong Correlation between the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and the rs6598045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Gene at the Population-Level

Strong Correlation between the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and the rs6598045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Gene at the Population-Level

Face Mask Use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

The Effect of Covid 19 on the Performance of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant

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Comparative Review of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza A Respiratory Viruses

Cited by 391 publications

References 122 publications

Strong Correlation between the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and the rs6598045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Gene at the Population-Level

Strong Correlation between the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and the rs6598045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Gene at the Population-Level

Face Mask Use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

The Effect of Covid&nbsp;19 on the Performance of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant

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The Effect of Covid 19 on the Performance of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant