Comparative Risks of Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Population‐Based Cohort Study

Abstract

Through examining the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users and nonusers, this study aims to compare the risks contributed by different NSAIDs in a Chinese population. The retrospective cohort including 4 298 368 adults without CVD from electronic health records between 2008 and 2017 in Hong Kong was adopted. A total of 4.5% of individuals received NSAIDs including celecoxib, etoricoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, or naproxen for ≥4 consecutive weeks at baseline. Cox regression, including NSAID use as a time-dependent covariate and adjusted with patient's characteristics, was conducted to examine the association between NSAID exposure and incident CVD. After a median follow-up of 6.9 years (30 million person-years), a total of 258 601 cases of incident CVD was recorded. NSAID use was shown to be associated with a significantly higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32 [95%CI, 1.28-1.37]) compared to non-NSAID use. Similar results in coronary heart disease (HR, 1.37 [95%CI,), stroke (HR, 1.27 [95%CI,), and heart failure (HR, 1.25 [95%CI,) were obtained. Overall, similar CVD risk was observed across users of NSAIDs except for etoricoxib, which showed a higher risk (HR, 2.01 [95%CI, 1.63-2.48]). Considering that a higher CVD risk was consistently displayed among NSAID users, NSAIDs should be used cautiously, and the usage of etoricoxib in the Chinese population should be reviewed.

Charting the Knowledge and Patterns of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Usage in Hail Population, Saudi Arabia: Insights into the Adverse Effect Profile

“…This widespread accessibility and usage have raised concerns regarding the knowledge and awareness of the general population regarding the safe and appropriate utilization of NSAIDs. Nevertheless, NSAIDs come with potential negative impacts on the gastrointestinal (GI) [ 10 ], cardiovascular (CV) [ 11 ], and renal systems [ 12 ]. Additionally, the likelihood of GI bleeding rises with advancing age and in individuals with a history of stomach ulcers and bleeding disorders [ 13 ].…”

Charting the Knowledge and Patterns of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Usage in Hail Population, Saudi Arabia: Insights into the Adverse Effect Profile

“…This widespread accessibility and usage have raised concerns regarding the knowledge and awareness of the general population regarding the safe and appropriate utilization of NSAIDs. Nevertheless, NSAIDs come with potential negative impacts on the gastrointestinal (GI) [11], cardiovascular (CV) [12], and renal systems [13]. Additionally, the likelihood of GI bleeding rises with advancing age and in individuals with a history of stomach ulcers and bleeding disorders [14].…”