Comparative Secretomics Analysis Reveals the Major Components of Penicillium oxalicum 16 and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30

Abstract

In this study, the major secretome components of Penicillium oxalicum 16 and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 under wheat bran (WB) and rice straw (RS) solid-state fermentation were systematically analyzed. The activities of the major components, e.g., cellulase, hemicellulase, and amylase, were consistent with their abundance in the secretomes. P. oxalicum 16 secreted more abundant glycoside hydrolases than T. reesei RUT-C30. The main up-regulated proteins from the induction of WB, compared with that from RS, were amylase, pectinase, and protease, whereas the main down-regulated enzymes were cellulase, hemicellulase, swollenin, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO). Specifically, WB induced more β-1,4-glucosidases, namely, S8B0F3 (UniProt ID), and A0A024RWA5 than RS, but RS induced more β-1,4-exoglucanases and β-1,4-endoglucanases, namely, A0A024RXP8, A024SH76, S7B6D6, S7ZP52, A024SH20, A024S2H5, S8BGM3, S7ZX22, and S8AIJ2. The P. oxalicum 16 xylanases S8AH74 and S7ZA57 were the major components responsible for degrading soluble xylan, and S8BDN2 probably acted on solid-state hemicellulose instead of soluble xylan. The main hemicellulase component of T. reesei RUT-C30 in RS was the xyloglucanase A0A024S9Z6 with an abundance of 16%, but T. reesei RUT-C30 lacked the hemicellulase mannanase and had a small amount of the hemicellulase xylanase. P. oxalicum 16 produced more amylase than T. reesei RUT-C30, and the results suggest amylase S7Z6T2 may degrade soluble starch. The percentage of the glucoamylase S8B6D7 did not significantly change, and reached an average abundance of 5.5%. The major auxiliary degradation enzymes of P. oxalicum 16 were LPMOs S7Z716 and S7ZPW1, whereas those of T. reesei RUT-C30 were swollenin and LPMOs A0A024SM10, A0A024SFJ2, and A0A024RZP7.

Improving saccharification of ramie stalks by synergistic effect of in-house cellulolytic enzymes consortium

“…Wheat bran was used as carbon substrate for A. niger NS-2 and its appreciable yields of CMCase, FPA and β-glucosidase reached 310, 17 and 33 U/g dry substrate respectively (Bansal et al 2012 ). Wang et al ( 2021 ) systematically analyzed the major secretome components of T. reesei RUT-C30 under wheat bran solid-state fermentation and found that wheat bran induced more β-1,4-glucosidases than rice bran. Wheat bran was used as carbon source for solid fermentation of T. harzianum (Zhang and Yang 2015 ).…”

Complementary Strategies to Unlock Biosynthesis Gene Clusters Encoding Secondary Metabolites in the Filamentous Fungus Podospora anserina

“…In Aspergillus niger , the fungal transcriptomic response to sugar beet pulp was significantly different between solid culture and submerged culture, the latter inducing wider transcriptome variability [ 66 ]. Additionally, the fungal proteome and secretome complexity were affected by the cultivation modes in Aspergillus and Trichoderma species [ 67 , 68 , 69 ]. In Penicillium ubiquetum isolated from the blue mussel Mytilus edulis , it has been shown that, following the OSMAC approach, the culture performed on the seawater CYA (Czapek Yeast extract Agar) medium selectively enhances the production of some structurally related compounds [ 70 ].…”