Comparative, Sedative, and Analgesic Effects of Epidural Dexmedetomidine and Xylazine in Donkeys ( Equus asinus )

Hamed, Mohamed A.; Abouelnasr, Khaled; Ibrahim, Hussam; El-Khodery, Sabry

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2017.09.001

Cited by 14 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In sheep, epidural injection of DEX (2.57 µg/kg) was found to promote reduction of MAP, but without clinical importance 18 . Similarly, did not occur any cardiovascular changes in donkeys after EA with DEX (5 µg/kg) 13 . In the present study, reduction of MAP was only seen in the L treatment in an isolated manner, without clinical relevance, since no hypotension (MAP <60 mm Hg) was detect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Similarly, a reduction in isoflurane consumption was observed in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy and treated with epidural DEX (at 4 µg/kg) 4 . In donkeys, the antinociceptive effects occurred in the perineal region for more than 2 hours when the animals were treated with epidural DEX at doses of 5 µg/kg 13 . The above‐mentioned studies demonstrated how great is the variability in DEX doses in different species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Occurrences of ataxia after EA with lidocaine at different doses in ruminants are common 7 8 . Ataxia may occur with xylazine or DEX alone 10 13 17 . Alpha2‐adrenonoceptor agonist mediated enhancement of ataxia is associated with specific motor blockade, and occurrence of this complication is common after epidural administration of these drugs 7 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine with or without lidocaine in sheep

Mattos-Junior

Flaherty²,

Nishimura

et al. 2020

Veterinary Record

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BackgroundThe aims of this study were evaluate cardiopulmonary, sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine–lidocaine combination via lumbosacral epidural injection in sheep.MethodsSix Santa Inês breed sheep, 16±6 months old and weighing 42.2 ± 5.7 kg were used. Sheep were subjected to epidural anaesthesia with three treatments: L, lidocaine (1.2 mg/kg), D, dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg) or DL, dexmedetomidine plus lidocaine (2.5 μg/kg + 1.2 mg/kg). Drugs were injected via pre-placed lumbosacral epidural catheters. Cardiopulmonary, arterial blood gases, electrolytes, degree of sedation and antinociceptive aspects were measured before drug administration (T0) and then at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after drug injection (T15–T120) in all treatments and at T0 to T240 in DL.ResultsThere were significantly increases in PaCO2 at times T60 and T120 in D, and at T30–T120 in DL, compared to baseline. The antinociceptive effects were observed up to 240 min in DL and 60 min in L, and were more intense in DL. Treatment D provided analgesia only in the perineal region, and only at T15.ConclusionThe combination of DEX with lidocaine produced similar cardiopulmonary changes compared with either drug alone, but with greater and more prolonged antinociceptive effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine with or without lidocaine in sheep

Mattos-Junior

Flaherty²,

Nishimura

et al. 2020

Veterinary Record

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“…27 Interestingly, a study in donkeys showed that epidural dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg), another alpha-2-agonists, compared with xylazine (200 µg/kg) induces faster and longer perineal analgesia with minimal cardiovascular effects. 28 Additionally, another study in dogs demonstrated that the caudal epidural injection of dexmedetomidine (1.13 µg/kg) combined with bupivacaine can produce postoperative analgesia up to 24 hours. 29 Because of the suspected longer duration of action, dexmedetomidine was used as additional analgesic in the caudal epidural, and the dexmedetomidine dose was chosen according to the dosage used by Nour and others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal perioperative pain management in a horse undergoing partial phallectomy

Ritgen¹,

Otero

Auer³

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A well-balanced multimodal pain management including local anaesthetic techniques was used to provide perioperative analgesia in a horse undergoing partial phallectomy. This surgical intervention has been associated with moderate to severe pain and may present additional challenges to the veterinarian when providing pain relief postoperatively.In the present case, preoperative analgesia included morphine and flunixin meglumine, both intravenously. Throughout surgery, adaptable constant rate infusions (CRIs) with ketamine and xylazine were supplemented to address different receptors of the pain pathway. Additionally, a pudendal nerve block with ropivacaine was added intraoperatively to reduce nociception and decrease sensitisation of the central nervous system. An epidural injection of morphine and dexmedetomidine was performed after recovery from general anaesthesia. Postoperative pain treatment included morphine and flunixin meglumine that resulted in adequate pain relief, based on pain assessment every 6–12 hours. Neither side effects nor complications were observed during the hospital stay.

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“…When an adequate state of sedation was obtained (clear lethargy, drop of the head and lack of response to external stimuli) [ 37 , 38 ], general anaesthesia was induced in a padded box and maintained with TIVA with a mixture of guaiphenesin (80 mg/mL, Knock Out ® ; ACME Srl, Reggio Emilia, Italy), ketamine (2 mg/mL) and detomidine (20 µg/mL) (GKD) at the Constant Infusion Rate (CRI) of 1 mL/kg/h administered through a volumetric infusion set (Infusomat fmS; B-Braun, Melsungen, Germany). To obtain a solution of GKD, 1 g of ketamine and 10 mg of detomidine were added to a 500-mL bag of 8% guaiphenesin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol during Castration in Donkeys under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia

Straticò

Carluccio

Varasano

et al. 2021

Animals

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Pain management is necessary for all surgical procedures. Little scientific evidence about drug efficacy in donkeys is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of butorphanol in donkeys undergoing orchiectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia with guaifenesin-ketamine-detomidine. A randomized blinded prospective clinical trial (Protocol n. 2021/0000338), was carried out on 18 clinically healthy donkeys undergoing bilateral orchiectomy. Patients were assigned to Group D (n = 8) or Group DB (n = 10) if receiving intravenous detomidine or detomidine-butorphanol respectively, before induction of general anaesthesia with ketamine-diazepam. Intraoperative muscle relaxation, nystagmus, palpebral reflex, heart and respiratory rate, and non-invasive blood pressure were evaluated every 2 min; time to prepare the patient, duration of surgery and anaesthesia and recovery score were recorded. Group D had significantly longer surgical time, higher heart rate, higher systolic and mean blood pressure (p < 0.05; repeated measure ANOVA), increased muscle rigidity and expression of palpebral reflex (p < 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test) than group DB. Top-ups with thiopental were statistically higher in Group D. Butorphanol and detomidine together produced a more stable anaesthetic plan. The low dosage of opioid and alpha-2-agonists and reduced rescue anaesthesia are responsible for a safer and more superficial anaesthesia, which is mandatory under field conditions.

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Comparative, Sedative, and Analgesic Effects of Epidural Dexmedetomidine and Xylazine in Donkeys ( Equus asinus )

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Clinical effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine with or without lidocaine in sheep

Clinical effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine with or without lidocaine in sheep

Multimodal perioperative pain management in a horse undergoing partial phallectomy

Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol during Castration in Donkeys under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia

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