Comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides

Sagripanti, José-Luis; Eklund, Cheryl A.; Trost, Paula A.; Jinneman, Karen C.; Abeyta, Carlos; Kaysner, Charles A.; Hill, Walter E.

doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(97)90026-2

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Disinfection is part of the sanitation procedures, and resistance to disinfectants may be of prime importance, more than pathogenicity itself, in determining the relative prominence of an organism as an agent responsible for nosocomial infections (Sagripanti et al, 1997). The results clearly indicate that the efficiency of the disinfectant depends on concentration of the compound and the exposure time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of some disinfectants on Escherichia coli serotypes.

El-Naggar

Akeila

Turk

et al. 2001

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of some disinfectants on Escherichia coli serotypes.

El-Naggar

Akeila

Turk

et al. 2001

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…It has been reported that a modified Dakin's solution (250 g/ml NaOCl) is useful for treatment of V. vulnificus wound infections in a clinical setting (30,57). In another study, in which one V. vulnificus strain was tested for chlorine resistance, exposure to 500 g/ml NaOCl for 30 min killed not only V. vulnificus but also V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus (40). All of these studies used a much higher concentration of NaOCl than the concentration used here, and no mention was made of colony morphology, but as all V. vulnificus strains treated were of clinical origin, it is likely that they were all OpS strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Rugose Variants and Identification of a Capsular and Rugose Exopolysaccharide Gene Cluster

Grau¹,

Henk²,

Garrison³

et al. 2008

Infect Immun

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Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a major virulence factor in Vibrio vulnificus, and encapsulated strains have an opaque, smooth (OpS) colony morphology, while nonencapsulated strains have a translucent, smooth (TrS) colony morphology. Previously, we showed that OpS and TrS parental strains can yield a third colony type, rugose (R), and that the resulting strains, with the OpR and TrR phenotypes, respectively, form copious biofilms. Here we show that while OpR and TrR strains both produce three-dimensional biofilm structures that are indicative of rugose extracellular polysaccharide (rEPS) production, OpR strains also retain expression of CPS and are virulent in an iron-supplemented mouse model, while TrR strains lack CPS and are avirulent. Chlorine resistance assays further distinguished OpR and TrR isolates as exposure to 3 g/ml NaOCl eradicated both OpS and OpR strains, while both TrS and TrR strains survived, but at rates which were significantly different from one another. Taken together, these results further emphasize the importance of CPS for virulence of V. vulnificus and establish a correlation between CPS expression and chlorine sensitivity in this organism. Using reverse transcriptase PCR, we also identified a nine-gene cluster associated with both CPS and rEPS expression in V. vulnificus, designated the wcr (capsular and rugose polysaccharide) locus, with expression occurring primarily in R variants. The latter results set the stage for characterization of functional determinants which individually or collectively contribute to expression of multiple EPS forms in this pathogen.Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative marine and estuarine bacterium capable of causing severe disease in susceptible individuals. This bacterium is normally found in fish and shellfish, including oysters. Several medical conditions can predispose a person to being susceptible to infection by this organism, including diabetes, liver disease, hemachromatosis, and a compromised immune system. When people with such conditions consume raw oysters or other seafood containing V. vulnificus, they are at risk of developing a rapidly progressing primary septicemia that can be fatal within 24 to 48 h. In an otherwise healthy individual, if a break in the skin is exposed to seawater containing this organism, a severe wound infection may develop that could necessitate amputation if treatment is not begun soon after the onset of symptoms. V. vulnificus does not infect as many people as other members of the genus Vibrio, but it is the leading reported cause of death from the consumption of seafood in the United States (28, 48).V. vulnificus produces several virulence factors, including multiple enzymes, siderophores, RtxA toxin, and a polysaccharide capsule (for a review, see reference 15). While the other factors may assist in virulence, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is considered a major virulence factor and has been reported to protect the bacteria from phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing by the host immune system. When grown ...

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“…Depending on its concentration and pH value [98] , it is effective against bacteria including H. pylori, fungi, mycobacteria, viruses including hepatitis B virus, and bacterial spores [35,66,68,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] , though for specific isolates, such as Mycobacterium gordonae, the exposure time may have to be prolonged to 20 min to achieve the required efficacy [67] . However, despite its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity it is not suitable for sterilizing surgical instruments [113] .…”

Section: Effect Of Peracetic Acid On Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Kampf

Fliss

Martiny

2014

WJGE

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The bioburden (blood, protein, pathogens and biofilm) on flexible endoscopes after use is often high and its removal is essential to allow effective disinfection, especially in the case of peracetic acid-based disinfectants, which are easily inactivated by organic material. Cleaning processes using conventional cleaners remove a variable but often sufficient amount of the bioburden. Some formulations based on peracetic acid are recommended by manufacturers for the cleaning step. We performed a systematic literature search and reviewed the available evidence to clarify the suitability of peracetic acid-based formulations for cleaning flexible endoscopes. A total of 243 studies were evaluated. No studies have yet demonstrated that peracetic acidbased cleaners are as effective as conventional cleaners. Some peracetic acid-based formulations have demonstrated some biofilm-cleaning effects and no biofilmfixation potential, while others have a limited cleaning effect and a clear biofilm-fixation potential. All published data demonstrated a limited blood cleaning effect and a substantial blood and nerve tissue fixation potential of peracetic acid. No evidence-based guidelines on reprocessing flexible endoscopes currently recommend using cleaners containing peracetic acid, but some guidelines clearly recommend not using them because of their fixation potential. Evidence from some outbreaks, especially those involving highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that disinfection using peracetic acid may be insufficient if the preceding cleaning step is not performed adequately. Based on this review we conclude that peracetic acid-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes. Key words: Peracetic acid; Cleaning; Flexible endoscope; Biofilm; Resistance; Bioburden; Blood; Disinfection; Reprocessing Core tip: Some formulations based on peracetic acid (PAA) are recommended by manufacturers for cleaning flexible endoscopes. We reviewed 243 studies to analyse the evidence for this recommendation. No study demonstrated that PAA-based cleaners were as effective as conventional cleaners, and some PAA-based formulations had clear biofilm-fixation potential. Dried blood and nerve tissue were substantially fixed by PAA. Some outbreaks, especially of highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that insufficient cleaning could not be compensated for by using PAA in the disinfection step. PAA-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes.

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Comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides

Cited by 67 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of some disinfectants on Escherichia coli serotypes.

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of some disinfectants on Escherichia coli serotypes.

Further Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Rugose Variants and Identification of a Capsular and Rugose Exopolysaccharide Gene Cluster

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

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