Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts

Scholz, Christopher A.; Moore, Theodore C.; Hutchinson, Deborah R.; Golmshtok, A.J.; Klitgord, Kim D.; Kurotchkin, A.G.

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00022-4

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…7). The prograding sequences, also seen in multichannel seismic data (Scholz et al 1998;Scholz and Hutchinson 2000), consist of multiple sets of small-scale, sigmoidal reflections typical of sediments deposited in shallow-water, prograding, deltaic environments. The prograding deltaic sequences, presumably deposited in shallow water, now occur at depths of 100-400 m. Similar sequences may be forming today at the edge of the delta plain, in water shallower than that from which our profiles were obtained.…”

Section: Selenga Deltamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The many factors that control rift sedimentation, and the variations in process rates, depositional facies, and sedimentary architecture, are all observable in the modern environment of Lake Baikal. Its relatively high latitude distinguishes it from the other large extant rift-lake basins, which are in East Africa (Scholz et al 1998). …”

Section: Importance Of the Sedimentary Record Of Lake Baikalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tectonism also may cause geologically abrupt changes in the location of the outlet, which last occurred at perhaps 0.8 Ma (Mats 1993). Overall, though, the situation in Lake Baikal contrasts markedly with that of lakes in large basins that are at least episodically closed (e.g., Scholz et al 1998), where chronologic data and seismic stratigraphy show clear evidence for climatically induced lake-level changes.…”

Section: Lake Level Tectonics and Turbiditesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Colman¹,

Karabanov²,

Nelson³

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The long, continuous, high-latitude, stratigraphic record of Lake Baikal was deposited in three broad sedimentary environments, defined by high-resolution seismic-reflection and coring methods: (1) turbidite depositional systems, by far the most widespread, characterizing most of the margins and floors of the main basins of the lake, (2) large deltas of major drainages, and (3) tectonically or topographically isolated ridges and banks. Holocene sedimentation rates based on radiocarbon ages vary by more than an order of magnitude among these environments, from less than about 0.03 mm/yr on ridges and banks to more than about 0.3 mm/yr on basin floors. Extrapolating these rates, with a correction for compaction, yields tentative estimates of about 25 and 11 Ma for the inception of rifting in the Central and North basins, respectively, and less than 6 Ma for the 200-m sediment depth on Academician Ridge.The Selenga Delta has the distinctive form of a classic prograding Gilbert-type delta, but its history appears to represent a complex combination of tectonism and sedimentation. The central part of the delta is underlain by prograding, shallow-water sequences, now several hundred meters below the lake surface. These deposits and much of the delta slope are mantled by fine-grained, deep-water, hemipelagic deposits whose base is estimated to be about 650,000 years old. Modern coarse-grained sediment bypasses the delta slope through fault-controlled canyons that feed large, subaqueous fans at the ends of the South and Central basins. These relations, along with abundant other evidence of recent faulting and the great depths of the Central and South basins, suggest that these two rift basins have experienced a period of unusually rapid subsidence over the last 650,000 years, during at least part of which sedimentation has failed to keep pace.

show abstract

Section: Selenga Deltamentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Importance Of the Sedimentary Record Of Lake Baikalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lake Level Tectonics and Turbiditesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Colman¹,

Karabanov²,

Nelson³

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fig. 5; Colman et al 1993;Scholz et al 1998). We speculate that the zones of poor seismic imaging to the north and south of the delta may be due in part to high sedimentation rates and high organic carbon deposition in these areas, which results in high post-depositional biogenic methane production.…”

Section: Northern Selenga Area and Central Basinmentioning

confidence: 63%

Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Selenga Delta Accommodation Zone, Lake Baikal Rift, Siberia

Scholz¹,

Hutchinson

2000

International Journal of Earth Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seismic reflection profiles from the Lake Baikal Rift reveal extensive details about the sediment thickness, structural geometry and history of extensional deformation and syn-rift sedimentation in this classic continental rift. The Selenga River is the largest single source of terrigenous input into Lake Baikal, and its large delta sits astride the major accommodation zone between the Central and South basins of the lake. Incorporating one of the world's largest lacustrine deltas, this depositional system is a classic example of the influence of rift basin structural segmentation on a major continental drainage. More than 3700 km of deep basin-scale multi-channel seismic reflection (MCS) data were acquired during the 1989 Russian and the 1992 Russian±American field programs. The seismic data image most of the sedimentary section, including pre-rift basement in several localities. The MCS data reveal that the broad bathymetric saddle between these two major half-graben basins is underlain by a complex of severely deformed basement blocks, and is not simply a consequence of long-term deltaic deposition. Maximum sediment thickness is estimated to be more than 9 km in some areas around the Selenga Delta. Detailed stratigraphic analyses of the Selenga area MCS data suggest that modes of deposition have shifted markedly during the history of the delta. The present mode of gravity-and mass-flow sedimentation that dominates the northern and southern parts of the modern delta, as well as the pronounced bathymetric relief in the area, are relatively recent developments in the history of the Lake Baikal Rift. Several episodes of major delta prograda-

show abstract

“…However, lake basins are usually much more sensitive to changing climates (Bohacs et al, 2000), which can lead to lake-level fl uctuations up to 350 m on time scales of ~1-75 k.y. in low-latitude areas (Scholz et al, 1998). Climatic variations control the fi lling processes of continental rift basins by affecting the amount of water, the evolution of drainage basins, and sediment supply (Leeder et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple controls on rift basin sedimentation in volcanic settings: Insights from the anatomy of a small Early Cretaceous basin in the Yanshan belt, northern North China

Wei¹,

Meng²,

Wu³

et al. 2011

Geological Society of America Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper deals with a small continental rift basin in a volcanic setting and tries to decipher potential controls on its synrift sedimentation. The Luanping basin, which is a well-exposed Early Cretaceous rift basin in the Yanshan belt on the northern periphery of the North China block, was chosen as a case study. We show that extensive and vigorous volcanism took place just prior to the onset of basin formation and continued into a synrift period. Basin fi lls consist predominantly of lacustrine, fan-delta, braid-delta, and volcaniclastic deposits. Lacustrine facies are composed mostly of deep-lake deposits that appear to have been established soon after basin initiation. Fan-delta systems developed along two high-angle border faults, the master northern Hongqi fault and the secondary western Xiaobaiqi fault. Fan-delta fronts were built up primarily by gravelly and sandy debrites and turbidites. Braiddelta deposits are restricted to the eastern corner of the basin and are characterized by an aggregation of braid-plain conglomeratic deposits. Underwater extrusions of magma and pyroclastic fl ows are inferred from the presence of volcanic breccias, ignimbrites, andesitic pillows, and peperites, which are enclosed by host lacustrine deposits. Deep-lake and fan-delta systems persisted throughout the synrift period, indicating a rapid subsidence rate, with both adequate sediment and water supply. The high-angle border faults are thought to have played a critical role in creating large accommodation space, and simultaneous displacements of the Hongqi and Xiaobaiqi faults led to the localization of a major depocenter in the western part of the basin. One-dimensional backstripping analysis of three stratigraphic sections shows that the Luanping basin experienced marked synrift tectonic subsidence up to 2 km at a subsidence rate close to 0.2 mm yr -1 . We propose that the high rate of basin subsidence might have been caused mainly by left-lateral transtensional faulting and was enhanced by the superposition of basement downsag induced by underlying magma withdrawal. A predominance of volcanic particles in both debrites and sandstones suggests that source areas were erodible volcanic edifi ces. A humid paleoclimate is inferred, which not only provided enough water supply, but also promoted weathering of volcanic rocks in source areas, thus maintaining both the deeplake environment and sediment infl ux. We conclude that relatively small and isolated rift basins in volcanic settings can experience both rapid subsidence and receive thick lacus trine deposits if they are under the combined control of favorable structure, climate, and magmatism. The model proposed here is believed to be applicable to other rift basins in similar volcano-tectonic settings.

show abstract

Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Selenga Delta Accommodation Zone, Lake Baikal Rift, Siberia

Multiple controls on rift basin sedimentation in volcanic settings: Insights from the anatomy of a small Early Cretaceous basin in the Yanshan belt, northern North China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About