Comparative stabilities of cephalosporins in aqueous solution.

Yamana, Tsukinaka; Tsuji, Akira; Kanayama, Keiki; Nakano, Osamu

doi:10.7164/antibiotics.27.1000

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The structural similarities between side-chains of these antibiotics and the identical excitation and Table 1 Recovery (Cohen, Funka & Puar, 1973;Yamana et al, 1974). A similar compound has been reported from cephalexin by refluxing overnight in benzene (Idenelicato, Norvilas, Pfeiffer, Wheeler & Witham, 1972).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…A similar compound has been reported from cephalexin by refluxing overnight in benzene (Idenelicato, Norvilas, Pfeiffer, Wheeler & Witham, 1972). Intramolecular nucleophillic attack of the a-amino group on the side-chain has been suggested as the decomposition mechanism (Indelicato et al, 1974;Yamana et al, 1974). A similar kind of mechanism has also been demonstrated for ampicillin which contains a similar side-chain as cephalexin (Jusko,197 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Cephalexin when subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, produces a strongly fluorescent yellow product (Yamana, Tsuji, Kanayama & Nakano, 1974). A similar kind of fluorescent compound has also been obtained from ampicillin by acid hydrolysis (Jusko, 1971).…”

Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Fluorimetric assay of cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin.

Barbhaiya¹,

Turner²

1977

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 A simple, rapid and reproducible fluorimetric assay for cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin is described. 2 The method involves addition of formaldehyde which catalyses the formation of fluorescent derivatives. 3 The structural similarities between the side chains of these antibiotics and their identical excitation and emission spectra suggest that they may be forming similar fluorescent derivatives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Fluorimetric assay of cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin.

Barbhaiya¹,

Turner²

1977

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…The acidic hydrolysis of cephalexin was found to be independent of pH, and this cephalosporin was shown to be fairly acid stable (11). In our experiments, BL-S640 also displayed remarkable stability in the pH range of 5.0 to 1.0, even at 37 C. However, above pH 6.0, stability very rapidly decreased with increasing pH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

In Vitro Activity of BL-S640 Against Gram-Negative Bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus Compared with Activity of Four Other Semisynthetic Cephalosporins

Vuye

Pijck²,

Soep³

1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of BL-S640 (cefatrizine) was determined against 674 recent clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae. Activity against S. aureus was less than that of cephapirin, cephalothin, and cefazolin, but greater than that of cephalexin. Activity against gram-negative isolates was variable: BL-S640 was slightly less potent than cefazolin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, but more active than the other compounds. As for the more resistant gram-negative genera, BL-S640 was significantly superior to the control cephalosporins. The effect of inoculum size on the antibacterial activity was moderate for most organisms except Enterobacter, Providencia stuartii, and indole-positive Proteus, the median minimal inhibitory concentrations of which were 6 to 27 times lower when determined with a 10-4-diluted culture compared with the undiluted one. The stability in aqueous solution at 37 C was remarkably high at the lower pH values, but low at the neutral point.

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“…Information is available concerning the stability of antibiotics in aqueous and frozen solutions (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), but little is known about the stability of antibiotics in serum. Berti and Maccari (1) have recently examined the stability of 11 different antibiotics, including cephaloridine and cephalexin, stored in frozen rat plasma for 8 weeks at -20°C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability of Cephalosporins in Horse Serum

Foglesong

1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The antibiotic activity of cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cephaloglycin, cefazolin, and cefamandole was determined after storage for up to 30 days in horse serum at -10 and 4°C. Cephalothin, cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalexin were stable for at least 30 days at -10°C, whereas cephaloridine lost 29% of its initial activity and cephaloglycin lost more than 50%. Cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalexin could only be stored for 3 days at 400 without significant loss in activity, whereas cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cephaloglycin could be stored for only 1 day. Repeated freezing and thawing had a detrimental effect on the stability of cephaloridine.Frequently, the nature of antibiotic bioavailability studies is such that prolonged freezing or repeated freezing and thawing of samples is required. Information is available concerning the stability of antibiotics in aqueous and frozen solutions (2, 5-10), but little is known about the stability of antibiotics in serum. Berti and Maccari (1) have recently examined the stability of 11 different antibiotics, including cephaloridine and cephalexin, stored in frozen rat plasma for 8 weeks at -20°C. Under these conditions, cephalexin was shown to be significantly more stable than cephaloridine.The present study was undertaken to examine the stability of cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cephaloglycin, cefazolin, and cefamandole stored in horse serum under the following conditions: (i) frozen in serum at -10°C and the same sample assayed at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 30-day intervals: (ii) frozen in serum at -10°C for 30 days; and (iii) stored in serum at 40C and assayed at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 30-day intervals.Using pooled horse serum as a diluent, antibiotic solutions were prepared by volumetric dilutions to the following reference concentrations: cefazolin, 4.0 ,g/ml; cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefamandole, 1.0 ,tg/ml; cephalexin, 0.4 ,ug/ml; and cephaloglycin, 0.2 ,ug/ml. Microbiological activity was determined by a cylinder-plate assay (4). Sarcina lutea was used as the test organism for the cephalexin and cephaloglycin plate assays, and Bacillus subtilis was used for the remaining cephalosporins. The format used for the assays is outlined in the Code ofFederal Regulations (3).Immediately after the initial assay, each antibiotic solution was divided into three portions. One sample was frozen at -10°C and then thawed, refrozen, and assayed at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 30-day intervals. The second sample was frozen at -10°C and assayed after 30 days. This sample functioned as a control for the freezethaw portion of the study. The third sample was stored at 4°C and assayed at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 30-day intervals.The microbiological activity as the precentage of initial activity of the six cephalosporins after storage at -10°C is listed in Table 1. Thawing and refreezing of the samples at 1-, 2-, and 3-day intervals had little effect on the activity of cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cefazolin, and cefamandole. These compounds retained at least 94% of their initial antibiot...

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Comparative stabilities of cephalosporins in aqueous solution.

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Fluorimetric assay of cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin.

Fluorimetric assay of cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin.

In Vitro Activity of BL-S640 Against Gram-Negative Bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus Compared with Activity of Four Other Semisynthetic Cephalosporins

Stability of Cephalosporins in Horse Serum

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