Comparative steam bending characteristics of some planted forest wood species in Malaysia

Abstract

The bending performance of wood is important for its application in furniture, and it is one of the criteria used to assess the suitability of a particular wood species for furniture. In this context, the steam-bending and surface roughness characteristics of four forest plantation wood species were evaluated. One batch of wood specimens were subjected to both surface roughness experiments using the stylus and toluene spread methods, while another batch of the wood specimens were subjected to steaming, clamped, and bent using a circular shape mold. The instantaneous spring-back was measured after 10 days, while the spring-back over time was measured from days 15 to 65. The surface roughness experiments showed that the Hevea brasiliensis had the lowest surface roughness, followed by the Eucalyptus pellita, Acacia mangium, and finally Revotropix paulownia. In terms of the bending performance, it was found that only the H. brasiliensis achieved the threshold 95% satisfactory level based on visual ranking. Furthermore, the wood species also recorded the lowest spring-back, both instantaneous and over-time, to register the best bending performance. On the other hand, R. paulownia had the worst bending performance, primarily due to its low density.

Avaliação do vergamento da madeira de Acrocarpus fraxinifolius pela técnica de vaporização

“…Para a presente pesquisa, foi-se estabelecido o tempo de 2,4 minutos por milímetro de espessura da lamela. Esse tempo foi estabelecido pela média dos valores encontrados na literatura (Aramburu et al, 2022;As;Hindman;Büyüksari, 2018;Ratnasingam et al, 2022). Desta forma as lamelas de 5 mm de espessura permaneceram por 12 minutos no processo de vaporização, as de 8 mm por 19 minutos, as de 10 mm por 24 minutos e as de 12 mm por 29 minutos.…”

“…Entretanto, existem diferentes técnicas de vaporização utilizadas para vergamento de madeira na literatura. Uma avaliação do comportamento de elementos vergados por vaporização de diferentes espécies de madeira foi realizada por Ratnasingam et al (2022). O processo de vaporização ocorreu por 45 minutos, com uma temperatura de 105 °C.…”

“…Os autores observaram que o maior tempo de tratamento resultava em uma maior a quantidade de elementos que falhavam no processo de vergamento. Ainda, relações inferiores para o tempo de vaporização foram encontradas nos estudos de As, Hindman e Büyüksari (2018) e Ratnasingam et al (2022), correspondendo a 1,8 min/mm. O desempenho estrutural do vergamento da madeira está diretamente associado à relação espessura e raio de curvatura.…”

Study of ternary deep eutectic solvents to enhance the bending properties of ash wood

“…1 But, the compressive and tensile strengths of ash wood are low. 2 However, due to its physical and mechanical properties, it sometimes requires a softening treatment. The multiple reactions of deep eutectic solvent (DES) with ash wood boards can improve the plasticity of wood, reduce its hardness, and make it easier to process, broadening their scope of use, 3 help upgrade traditional wood products to green functional wood products, and provide a new wood modification method.…”

“…4 At present, there are various methods to achieve wood bending, including hydrothermal, high-frequency current, microwave heating, and chemical treatment. 2 Mubarok et al 5 have carried out wood modication experiments using chemical treatment and have improved the performance of beech. M. L. de Peres et al 6 have explored the change of bending properties of wood at different temperatures and humidity through controlled experiments.…”