Comparative strategy between masterly flow improver and its nanocomposite

Al-Shafey, Hussin I.; Arafa, Enas Ismail; El-Tabiy, A. E.; Hassan, Ashry; Hashem, Mohamed; Sharmoukh, Walid; Ahmed, Hanan B.

doi:10.1007/s00289-021-03655-4

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The previous literature , predicts the use of the synthesized polymers as flow improvers; the prepared polymer (AE) should be distributed throughout the wax; this prevents the formation of networks, so that the wax would be separated from each other and still has the small shape that was suspended and stabilized (steric stabilization). NH contains nanosilica and gives the best performance as a pour point depressant and flow improver for diesel fuel, which could be explained by the presence of the nanosilica throughout the matrix of the polymer improving the thermal stability and the mechanical strength of the copolymer, which are the main reasons for improving the performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To protect the double bond, hydroquinone was used. The reaction took place in a flask connected to a Dean Stark with a condenser; this Dean Stark was used to collect the exiting water. , Maleic anhydride (0.1 mol), hydroquinone (1% of acid), and toluene (50 mL) were sonicated at 60 °C. After entirely dissolving, cetyl amine (0.1 mol) and p -TSA (1% from total) were included in the process, and the temperature was steadily increased until it reached 120 °C; all of the system was under nitrogen gas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzoyl peroxide was added as a consequence. 44 , 45 The emulsion polymerization process was run at 500 rpm for 12 h. Finally, the system was left to cool, and the nanohybrid (NH) was created by repeatedly washing the mixture to get rid of the used surfactant using the distilled water. The synthesis route of both the AE and NH is illustrated in Scheme 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 46 Yang et al 47 compared poly(octadecyl acrylate) and its nanohybrid as a PPD; the findings from the study on the production of the nanocomposite as a PPD indicated that the nanocomposite had a better affinity for reducing viscosity. 44 As opposed to that, nanosilica was reportedly used in succession for nanosilica/polymer composition, to increase the thermal stability and mechanical strength. By formation of a high-strength precipitate and producing spherical templates for wax precipitation, the resultant nanohybrid PPD may reduce gelation and greatly increase the flowability of diesel fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanotechnology has been used in many fields such as chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, engineering, and electronics and possesses high efficiency . By spreading incredibly small amounts of inorganic particles, such as nanoclay, into the polymeric matrix, polymer nanocomposites were created .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study between a Copolymer Based on Oleic Acid and Its Nanohybrid for Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

et al. 2023

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The as-synthesized copolymer based on the prepared monomers and its nanohybrid were used for improving the cold flow of diesel fuel that has a vital role in meeting energy needs. The copolymer (AE) was created using the prepared monomers, by free radical solution polymerization of the prepared hexadecylmaleamide and octyloleate ester, and the polymer nanohybrid (NH) was created by emulsion polymerization of the same monomers with 1% nano-SiO2. The chemical structures of the copolymer and its nanohybrid were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through exploring the effect of the nanohybrid, before and after adding the dosage of the additives to the diesel fuel, the pour point temperature (PPT), rheological characteristics, and viscosity index were measured. The data were the best for the nanohybrid; the PPT decreased from −3 to −36 °C upon adding 10,000 ppm nanohybrid but decreased from −3 to −30 °C for 10,000 ppm copolymer. In addition, the efficiency of the additives was proved by viscosity–shear rate and shear rate–shear stress curves to give the apparent viscosity, which decreased from 124 cP for the blank to 15.74 and 12.8 cP for AE and NH, respectively; also, the yield stress decreased from 576 D/Cm2 for the blank to 541.44 and 477.9 D/Cm2 for AE and NH, respectively, at room temperature. The viscosity index increased from 116 for the blank to 119 and 121 for the copolymer and the nanohybrid, respectively. Polarizing optical microscopy was performed to show more tiny and separated wax upon adding the additives. The findings showed that delayed crystal precipitation and altered crystal shape with the NH and AE greatly reduced low-temperature viscosity and enhanced the cold flow characteristics of the diesel fuel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparative Study between a Copolymer Based on Oleic Acid and Its Nanohybrid for Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

et al. 2023

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Synthesis of copolymer nanocomposite by in situ intercalative polymerization for batch and fixed bed adsorption

Dutta

Ray

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA)/sodium acrylate (NaAA) and N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) were subjected to intercalative copolymerization in aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) nano clay to prepare filled semi‐interpenetrating network (FSIPN) type composite polymer networks. Filled Full IPN (FFIPN) composites were prepared in a similar way by additional crosslinking of PVA with maleic acid (MA) crosslinker. The polymers were characterized with FTIR, NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDAX, TEM, XPS, DLS, PZC, and pH reversibility test. The synthesis variables were optimized with respect to batch adsorption of 100 mg/L each of methyl violet (MV) and congo red (CR) dye as response using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The FFIPN prepared from polyacrylic acid (PAA)/sodium polyacrylate containing PVA/Clay/MBA/MA of optimized composition of 4/1.5/0.75/4 (wt.% of AA/NaAA), respectively, showed an optimized adsorption (mg/g adsorbent) of 459.16/417.31 of MV/CR as single dye and 438.01/417.31 of MV/CR in 1:1 binary mixtures of 100 mg/L feed concentration. The FFIPN showed an adsorption (mg/g) of 41.54/37.61 and removal% of 88.5/80.12 at a feed flow rate, bed height, and feed inlet concentration of 20 mL/min, 20 mm, and 50 mg/L, respectively.

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Comparison between methacrylate copolymers and their magnetite nanocomposite as pour point depressant for lubricating base oil

El-Bahnasawi,

Albohy,

El-Azabawy

et al. 2024

Discov Appl Sci

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A novel pour point depressant was synthesized by developing a polymeric nanocomposite using polymethacrylate and magnetite nanoparticles. The primary objective was to assess and compare the efficacy of PMA and PMA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite in reducing the gelation point, yield stress, apparent viscosity, and pour point of waxy crude oil. Extensive assessments were conducted to evaluate the performance of these additives. Rheometry tests were employed to measure the pour point of the lubricating oil pour point following the addition of PMA and PMA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in pour point, reaching values of − 18 °C, − 27 °C, − 24 °C, and − 36 °C for CP1, CP2, NP1, and NP2, respectively, at an optimal concentration of 10,000 ppm. Various characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Dynamic Light Scattering, Polarized Optical Microscope, and Gel Permeation Chromatography were utilized to analyze the polymers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of each polymer as a viscosity index improver (VII) and pour point depressant for mineral-based oil was evaluated. The mechanism of action of the polymers as pour point depressants was investigated through photomicrographic analysis. Additionally, the rheological properties of the formulated lubricant were assessed and reported. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the thermal stability of the polymers, revealing that the copolymer nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability, viscosity index (VI), and molecular weights compared to the copolymers alone. These enhancements in thermal stability and molecular properties contributed to the improved pour point depressant (PPD) properties. Overall, the study successfully synthesized a novel pour point depressant and evaluated its performance using various tests and characterization techniques. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the additives in reducing the pour point and improving the thermal stability of the lubricating oil.

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Comparative strategy between masterly flow improver and its nanocomposite

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Comparative Study between a Copolymer Based on Oleic Acid and Its Nanohybrid for Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

Comparative Study between a Copolymer Based on Oleic Acid and Its Nanohybrid for Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

Synthesis of copolymer nanocomposite by in situ intercalative polymerization for batch and fixed bed adsorption

Comparison between methacrylate copolymers and their magnetite nanocomposite as pour point depressant for lubricating base oil

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