Comparative studies of acarine limb regeneration, apolysis, and ecdysis

Rockett, C. Lee; Woodring, Joseph

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(72)90177-1

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We find transglutaminase encoding genes in all investigated genomes indicating that these enzymes, in the arachnids, stabilize the clot. Our find-ings are consistent with previous findings of no coagulation activity in a species of the Tetranychus genus, T. neocaledonicus (Rockett & Woodring, 1972).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Comparative genomic study of arachnid immune systems indicates loss of beta‐1,3‐glucanase‐related proteins and the immune deficiency pathway

Bechsgaard

Vanthournout

Funch

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Analyses of arthropod genomes have shown that the genes in the different innate humoral immune responses are conserved. These genes encode proteins that are involved in immune signalling pathways that recognize pathogens and activate immune responses. These immune responses include phagocytosis, encapsulation of the pathogen, and production of effector molecules for pathogen elimination. So far, most studies have focused on insects leaving other major arthropod groups largely unexplored. Here we annotate the immune related genes of six arachnid genomes and present evidence for a conserved pattern of some immune genes, but also evolutionary changes in the arachnid immune system. Specifically, our results suggest that the family of recognition molecules of Beta-1,3-glucanase-related proteins (βGRPs) and the genes from the immune deficiency (IMD) signalling pathway have been lost in a common ancestor of arachnids. These findings are consistent with previous work suggesting that the humoral immune effector proteins are constitutively produced in arachnids in contrast to insects, where these have to be induced. Further functional studies are needed to verify this. We further show that the full hemolymph clotting cascade found in the horseshoe crab is retrieved in most arachnid genomes. Tetranychus lacks at least one major component, although it is possible that this cascade could still function through recruitment of a different protein. The gel-forming protein in horseshoe crabs, coagulogen, was not recovered in any of the arachnid genomes, however, it is possible that the arachnid clot consists of a related protein, spätzle, that is present in all of the genomes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our findings are consistent with previous findings of no coagulation activity in a species of the Tetranychus genus, T . neocaledonicus (Rockett & Woodring, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic study of arachnid immune systems indicates loss of beta‐1,3‐glucanase‐related proteins and the immune deficiency pathway

Bechsgaard

Vanthournout

Funch

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…By contrast, rapid re-epithelialization occurs during scar-free healing in fetal mammals and an increased rate of re-epithelialization can reduce scarring (Whitby et al, 1991). Among arthropods, re-epithelialization follows haemolymph coagulation which initially protects the amputation plane by forming a scab (similar to mammals) (Adidoyi, 1972;Rockett & Woodring, 1972). The rate of re-epithelialization in arthropods is much slower compared to amphibians, but has not been examined across an age or size gradient; and whether or not re-epithelialization occurs in non-moulting adults following amputation is not known.…”

Section: Genomic Level Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, arthropods that do not exhibit post‐larval cell division (e.g. mites) are incapable of regeneration because they are incapable of further growth (Rockett & Woodring, 1972). While regeneration in determinate growers remains to be tested at stages where growth plateaus, the current evidence supports a relationship between growth potential and the capacity for regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of fundamental traits on mechanisms controlling appendage regeneration

et al. 2011

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One of the most compelling questions in evolutionary biology is why some animals can regenerate injured structures while others cannot. Appendage regeneration appears to be common when viewed across the metazoan phylogeny, yet this ability has been lost in many taxa to varying degrees. Within species, the capacity for regeneration also can vary ontogenetically among individuals. Here we argue that appendage regeneration along the secondary body axis may be constrained by fundamental traits such as body size, aging, life stage, and growth pattern. Studies of the molecular mechanisms affecting regeneration have been conducted primarily with small organisms at early life stages. Such investigations disregard the dramatic shifts in morphology and physiology that organisms undergo as they age, grow, and mature. To help explain interspecific and intraspecific constraints on regeneration, we link particular fundamental traits to specific molecular mechanisms that control regeneration. We present a new synthesis for how these fundamental traits may affect the molecular mechanisms of regeneration at the tissue, cellular, and genomic levels of biological organization. Future studies that explore regeneration in organisms across a broad phylogenetic scale, and within an ontogenetic framework, will help elucidate the proximate mechanisms that modulate regeneration and may reveal new biomedical applications for use in regenerative medicine.

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“…It is necessary to widen our knowledge of these important skeleto-muscular features in basal representatives of all major mite lineages. A further promising line of investigation has already been initiated by Rockett and Woodring (1972) revealing pronounced differences with respect to, for example, leg formation or pre-ecdysial inactivity (see also Evans 1992) and by Norton and Kethley (1994) on patterns of ecdysis. Again, we stress that more data are needed particularly for early derivative mite taxa and other arachnid groups.…”

Section: Morphological Questions 3: Scoring Further Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The affinities of mites and ticks: a review

Dunlop

Alberti

2007

J Zoological System

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Mites and ticks can be divided into two well-defined clades, Anactinotrichida and Actinotrichida, for which a recent work formalized a suite of putative autapomorphies and reciprocal differences. Whether they are sister-taxa -forming a monophyletic Acari -is more controversial. Earlier supporters of two independent origins for mites largely failed to demonstrate convincing synapomorphies between either of the two lineages and other arachnid orders; although recent work on reproductive biology revealed explicit characters of this nature. Furthermore, some of the characters proposed in support of a monophyletic Acari do not stand up to detailed scrutiny when compared with Arachnida in general. Effective morphological comparisons between mites and other arachnids are hindered by incompatible nomenclature and long-standing, mite-specific characters which are difficult to score for other arachnids. Furthermore, taxon-specific characters restricted to individual mite groups have sometimes been treated erroneously as ÔtypicalÕ for all Acari. Here, previous hypotheses of mite affinities are reviewed. Historically, authors have debated whether mites are basal arachnids or highly derived. Excluding weakly supported early hypotheses, mites have been resolved -in whole or in part -as sister-group of all other Arachnida (based on tagmosis), closely related to Opiliones (based mostly on genital morphology), Palpigradi (based on controversial interpretations of limb morphology), Solifugae (based mostly on the mouthparts, but now perhaps also reproductive characters) and Ricinulei (based on hexapodal larvae and perhaps mouthparts). We cannot provide a final resolution here, but we aim to highlight important character sets which should be included in subsequent phylogenetic analyses, as well as useful areas for future investigations: particularly tagmosis and the nature of the gnathosoma.

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Comparative studies of acarine limb regeneration, apolysis, and ecdysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative genomic study of arachnid immune systems indicates loss of beta‐1,3‐glucanase‐related proteins and the immune deficiency pathway

Comparative genomic study of arachnid immune systems indicates loss of beta‐1,3‐glucanase‐related proteins and the immune deficiency pathway

The influence of fundamental traits on mechanisms controlling appendage regeneration

The affinities of mites and ticks: a review

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