Comparative Studies of Embryo and Endosperm

MacLeod, Anna M.; Mccorquodale, H.

doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1958.tb06309.x

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Pectin has not been detected in water extracts of wheat (Preece & Hobkirk, 1953;MacLeod & McCorquodale, 1958) or in wheat endosperm cell walls (Mares & Stone, 1973a), but it is conceivable that the arabinogalactan-peptide could be functionally equivalent to the neutral arabinogalactan which is frequently extracted in the pectic fraction of other plant tissues. Ginzburg (1958) andMacLeod &McCorquodale (1958) have reported the presence of protein in the middle lamella of some plant cells, which suggests the possibility that arabinogalactanpeptide could be a component of the middle lamella in mature endosperm. At present it remains uncertain whether the arabinogalactan-peptide is associated with endosperm cell walls or is a cytoplasmic component, and detailed information as to its subcellular localization will be necessary before a functional role can be ascribed to this molecule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and physical properties of an arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm

Fincher¹,

Sawyer²,

Stone³

1974

Biochemical Journal

144

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1. An arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm was studied by using physicochemical techniques and some aspects of its chemical structure were determined. 2. The arabinogalactan-peptide is a non-associating, polydisperse macromolecule ([unk]=22000) which exhibits only minor non-ideal effects in aqueous solution. 3. Examination of the products of partial acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide component showed that arabinose is present in the alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl configuration, and i.r.-absorption spectroscopy and optical-rotation studies suggest that the d-galactopyranose residues are linked by glycosidic linkages in the beta-anomeric configuration. 4. The arabinogalactan is linked to a peptide which represents 8% (w/w) of the arabinogalactan-peptide and which may be present as a molecular core. Partial degradation of the polymer by successive treatment with oxalic acid and NaOH showed that the linkage between polysaccharide and peptide involves galactose and hydroxyproline residues and is glycosidic in nature. A tentative model is proposed for the structure of the wheat endosperm arabinogalactan-peptide. 5. The subcellular location and function of the arabinogalactan-peptide is discussed in relation to previous work with related molecules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and physical properties of an arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm

Fincher¹,

Sawyer²,

Stone³

1974

Biochemical Journal

144

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“…In malting barley, pectinase and polygalactuoironase were found in the malt, in the endosperm, and in the embryo and were considered to be produced by the scutellum (Harris, 1962;Briggs, 1973). Since it is evident that, except in rice, no pectins occur in the starchy endosperm or in the aleurone (Bacic & Stone, 1981;Fincher & Stone, 1981;MacLeod & McCorquodale, 1958;Mares & Stone, 1973a, b;McNeil et al, 1975) it is suggested here that the role of the scutellar pectinase is to hydrolyse the anticlinal middle lamellae of the epithelial cells, hydrolysis being a prerequisite for their elongation as papillae. Swift & O'Brien (1972b) emphasized that none of the cytological changes observed by them in the epithelial and parenchyma of the wheat scutellum sheds "light on the processes of nutrient absorption or secretion of diastase".…”

Section: The Fine Structure Of the Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 89%

The structure and function of the scutellum of the Gramineae

Negbi

1984

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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NEGBI, M., 1984. The structure and function of the scutellum of the Gramineae. Four kinds of scutella, of which only the first is universally known, can be distinguished in the Gramineae.( I ) The scutellum s e w stricto, the kind most commonly described in textbooks. I n this scutellum the only growth activity during germination is the development of every epithelial cell into a separate elongated papilla. These papillae are involved in secretion of hydrolases, gibberellins and other hormonal factors which in their turn activate the aleurone layer; and in absorption of the mobilized endosperm reserves.(2) The kind characteristic of Auma is found in several genera. In this the scutellar tip elongates during germination, reaches the distal end of the endosperm sac and develops papillae over its whole surface. (3) The kind found in Cizuniu in which the scutellar tip elongates and extends to the far end of the caryopsis during embryo development, but not during germination. In this scutellum only the abaxial surface faces the bulk of the storage endosperm and probably only this surface becomes papillate. Several bamboo genera have the kind of scutellum characterized by Melocannu. This scutellum has evolved as a storage organ and in mature caryopses the endosperm is reduced. This kind is associated with vivipary and with the presence of storage tissue in the pericarp.The vascularization and the structure of the scutellar epithelium, as studied mainly in a limited number of species belonging to the first kind, are related to the functions of the scutellum. The scutellum has a prime role in controlling the mobilization of endosperm reserves.

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“…In wheat, these cells are arranged radially from the center (Bessey, 1894). Their walls are reported to lack pectin and to be held together instead by proteinaceous material (MacLeod and McCorquodale, 1958). Endosperm cells are so gorged with food reserves that the nucleus sometimes appears crushed.…”

Section: Storage Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and histochemical investigations of dormant and non-dormant caryopses of Setaria lutescens (Gramineae)

Rost¹

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Comparative Studies of Embryo and Endosperm

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Chemical and physical properties of an arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm

Chemical and physical properties of an arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm

The structure and function of the scutellum of the Gramineae

Structural and histochemical investigations of dormant and non-dormant caryopses of Setaria lutescens (Gramineae)

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