Comparative Studies of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Sokabe, Hirofumi; Ogawa, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61360-1

Cited by 98 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The presence of renin inside the secretory granules has not been directly demonstrated in this study, but is implied by the ultrastructural characteristics of juxtaglomerular cells (Sokoabe and Ogawa, 1974;Hackental et al, 1990;Rasch et al, 1998). To date, few PAMP physiological activities have been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…On the one hand, this lack of immunoreactivity cannot be attributed to the antisera or the immunocytochemical techniques used, since in a previous study, performed with the same antisera, techniques, and material belonging to the same specimens, immunoreactive cells for both antibodies were found in the pancreas (Ló pez et al, 1999;and unpublished observations). Second, although the juxtaglomerular cells are present in almost all the vertebrate groups (except in most elasmobranch fishes) and the distribution of renin contents present a similar pattern, the tinctorial characteristics of the secretory granules when exposed to such techniques as iron-hematoxylin, PAS-Alcian blue, and silver impregnation, are different between mammals and nonmammals (Sokoabe and Ogawa, 1974). The juxtaglomerular apparatus are classified into two main types: those in mammals having juxtaglomerular cells, a macula densa, and extraglomerular mesangial cells and those found in reptiles, amphibians, teleosts, and holocephalians which have only juxtaglomerular cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The juxtaglomerular apparatus are classified into two main types: those in mammals having juxtaglomerular cells, a macula densa, and extraglomerular mesangial cells and those found in reptiles, amphibians, teleosts, and holocephalians which have only juxtaglomerular cells. The avian juxtaglomerular apparatus is intermediate between those of mammals and those of lower vertebrates, having a transitional macula densa but no extraglomerular mesangial cells (Sokoabe and Ogawa, 1974;Dantzler, 1989). Consequently, the presence of PAMP immunoreactivity only in the mammalian juxtaglomerular cells could be interpreted as a new phylogenetic difference between mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrate groups as it relates to the kidney physiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP) Immunoreactivity in Vertebrate Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells Identified by Both Light and Electron Microscopy

López

Cuesta

Martı́nez

et al. 1999

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The gene for adrenomedullin (AM), a multifunctional peptide hormone, is expressed in mammalian renal tissue and has been shown to stimulate renin release. The exact cell source of this peptide and its gene-related partner, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), in kidney is still uncertain. In the present study we have identified PAMP-immunoreactive cells in the kidney of different mammalian species, including man, by light microscopy. In addition, these cells have been further studied in mouse kidney by both light and electron microscopic techniques. At the light microscopic level, PAMP immunolabeling is preferentially located in the subendothelial cells of the enlarged glomerular afferent arterioles, that is, in the juxtaglomerular cells. However, these cells do not show immunolabeling for AM. At the electron microscopic level, the immunostaining appears inside the renin-containing secretory granules of the juxtaglomerular cells. These results confirm the direct link between renin and the AM peptide family and provide a morphological basis for studying the potential modulatory function of AM and PAMP in the control of renin activity. In contrast, neither AM nor PAMP immunoreactivities were detected in the kidney of nonmammalian vertebrates, other than in blood vessels of particular species, providing a new phylogenetic difference in the juxtaglomerular apparatus between mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. Academic Press

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP) Immunoreactivity in Vertebrate Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells Identified by Both Light and Electron Microscopy

López

Cuesta

Martı́nez

et al. 1999

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Like those of the other classes of tetrapods, the avian kidney contains a juxtaglomerular apparatus Sokabe 1971, Sokabe andOgawa 1974). The production of renin by the avian kidney has been substantiated and the chemical structures of angiotensin I and II have been established (Nakajima et al 1978, Nishimura 1978.…”

Section: Osmoregulation Ionoregulation and Nitrogen Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Recent Advances in Avian Physiology

Farner

1983

Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology

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With primary attention to feral species, some important, recent trends in avian physiology have been selected and briefly described. Included are investigations of the exchanges of gases between embryo and external environment during incubation; structure and function of the lung-airsac system; avian energetics; control and energetic cost of molt; osmoregulation, ionoregulation and nitrogen excretion, including roles of kidney, lower gut, salt glands, and renin-angiotensin system; endocrinology; and orientation and navigation. Among these trends there has been an increase in the spectrum of species investigated, greater effort to make measurements under natural conditions and successes with experiments on feral species in the field. Physiological investigations have been facilitated by the great fund of information on the natural history and zoogeography of birds.

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“…Crocodilian nephrons are structurally similar to those of other reptiles, but more simplistic than mammalian and avian nephrons because they do not possess concentrating tubules, such as the loop of Henle (Sokabe and Ogawa, 1974;Dantzler and Braun, 1980;Ventura et al, 1989). Reptilian nephrons, like all vertebrate nephrons, are a continuous system of ducts from the renal corpuscles to the ureters (Dantzler and Braun, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Histochemistry of Juvenile American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nephrons

Moore

Hyndman

Cox

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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Here we present a detailed morphological description of the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) kidney and nephron. We present a series of histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical markers that clearly define the seven regions of the alligator nephron. The alligator kidney is composed of many paired (mirrored) lobules on each kidney (lobe). Single nephrons span the width of lobules three times. The fine structure of glomeruli, lying in rows spanning the height of the lobule, is resolved by periodic acid methionine silver (PAMS) and periodic acid Schiff 's (PAS) histochemistry. Glomeruli are connected to the proximal tubule (PT) via a neck segment. The PT is alcian blue-negative, making it distinct from the distal tubule (DT), connecting segment (CS), and collecting duct (CD). The PT is clearly identifiable by a PAS-positive brush border membrane. The PT is connected to the DT via an intermediate segment (IS) that makes a 180 turn to connect these tubules. PAMS-positive material is found in the lumens of the PT, IS, and DT. Also, PAMS-positive granules are found in the DT, CS, and CD. Immunolocalization of the Na þ , K þ -ATPase to the basolateral membrane of the DT, CS, and CD suggests a role of this enzyme in driving primary and secondary transport processes in these segments, including bicarbonate transport into the lumen of the DT (leading to an alkaline urine). Through the techniques described here, we have identified a series of distinct markers to be used by pathologists, veterinarians, and researchers to easily identify alligator nephron segments. Anat Rec, 292:1670Rec, 292: -1676Rec, 292: , 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: Alligator mississippiensis; kidney; nephron; histochemistry; Na þ , K þ -ATPaseThe kidneys' primary functions, the excretion of nitrogenous wastes and the maintenance of water and ion balance, are achieved through three fundamental mechanisms: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion. To understand these physiological processes, a description of the morphological structures and kidney cell types is integral. Kidneys from various vertebrate species have been well investigated (Dantzler, 1980;Dantzler and Braun, 1980;Schmidt-Nielsen, 1988;Braun, 1998); whereas, knowledge of the crocodilian kidney is more limited. Previous studies of alligator nephrons have investigated general morphology (Huber, 1917), general nephron composition (Ventura et al.,

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Comparative Studies of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Cited by 98 publications

References 124 publications

Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP) Immunoreactivity in Vertebrate Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells Identified by Both Light and Electron Microscopy

Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP) Immunoreactivity in Vertebrate Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells Identified by Both Light and Electron Microscopy

Some Recent Advances in Avian Physiology

Morphology and Histochemistry of Juvenile American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nephrons

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