Comparative Studies of Thulium and Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers for Dynamic Optical WDM Networks

Abstract

In this study, a two-level laser system model is presented to simulate the dynamic behavior of the thuliumdoped fiber amplifier at 2 µm region. Numerical methods are used to investigate the effects of channels drop in thuliumdoped fiber amplifier performance and compare to that in erbium-doped fiber amplifier at 1.55 µm region. Our findings revealed that the dynamic performance of a thulium-doped amplifier is smaller than for an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. We propose the use of an optical gain-clamping technique to reduce the effects of power transients in both optical amplifiers due to the channels drop in reconfigurable wavelength division multiplexing system. We show that the optical gain-clamped technique is more efficient when applied to thulium-doped fiber amplifier than erbium-doped fiber amplifier. As a result, the thulium-doped fiber amplifier shows greater stability with a larger broadband to enable high capacity WDM transmission.

Super Broadband at Telecom Wavelengths From RE3+-Doped SiO2-Ta2O5 Glass Ceramics Planar Waveguides

“…The use of several RE 3+ dopants in waveguide materials proposes the widest gain amplification spectrum, increasing the transmission capacity of them. Thulium (Tm 3+ ) doped amplifiers can operate in the S-band (1460–1530 nm), as well in the region from 1.2 to 2 μm, increasing the transmission via shifting away from the third telecommunication window ( Muscelli et al, 2016 ; Aquino et al, 2018 ; Khamis and Ennser, 2019 ). Neodymium (Nd 3+ ) single doped materials show one near-infrared band emission at 1.3 µm, which is placed in the O- and E-bands ( Herrera et al, 2021 ; Xia et al, 2021 ).…”