Comparative studies on the aggregate formation of synthesized zwitterionic gemini and monomeric surfactants in the presence of the amphiphilic antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution: an experimental and theoretical approach

Abstract

The formation of aggregates was studied with different compositions of alkyl betaine gemini surfactant (C14Ab) with chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ).

Comparative Study of the Aggregation Behavior of Some Ionic Surfactants with Nonionic Triton X-114 in Water and a Water/2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol Mixture

“…Following the charge of the hydrophilic moiety, surfactants have been categorized as cationic, 36 anionic, 37 nonionic, 38 and zwitterionic. 4 Cationic surfactants contain positively charged head groups (alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, amine oxides, phosphonium salts, etc.) along with negatively charged counterions (mostly Cl − and Br − ).…”

“…In recent years, a broad community of surface chemists has shown a great deal of scientific interest in the physicochemical modifications of surface-active agents in an attempt to improve the functionality of surfactant formulations. In this context, various additives, including salts, solvents, polymers, drugs, etc., have been introduced to the micellar environment of amphiphilic systems to achieve the desired features with various industrial importance in cosmetics, food products, enhanced oil recovery, and pharmaceuticals . Among all the additives, nonaqueous alcohol solvents have been examined mostly in amphiphile-water-solvent ternary systems using both theoretical and experimental approaches. − The exceptional solubilizing and hydrogen bonding potential of alcohols distinguish them as solvents of choice .…”

“…The most important feature of amphiphilic systems, which accounts for their distinct properties in solution, is the coexistence of hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail moieties in a single molecule. Following the charge of the hydrophilic moiety, surfactants have been categorized as cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic …”