Comparative Study and Accommodation of Biodiesel in Diesel‐Electric Hybrid Vehicles Coupled with Aftertreatment Systems

Abstract

Biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative fuel, which can be used in diesel‐electric hybrid vehicles to potentially bring one kind of clean vehicle on the road. However, the fuel property variation can cause impacts to the powertrain and aftertreatment systems. In this paper, biodiesel's influence on post‐injection effects is studied. Experimental results are obtained to demonstrate the differences between diesel and biodiesel, and to build up fuel‐dependent maps of engine torque, temperature, and emissions. Utilizing those maps, an aftertreatment warm‐up approach compatible with both fuels is developed by strategically enabling double post injections. Finally, a supervisory controller based on model predictive control method is designed to optimize and balance the tradeoff between hybrid vehicle fuel economy and tailpipe emissions. Simulations are conducted for both fuels with or without the proposed control strategy. The validation results show that for both fuels, the controller can significantly reduce tailpipe emissions by successfully regulating the catalyst temperature to the desired range sacrificing fuel economy. And for biodiesel, additional fuel cost is required in order to realize the tradeoff.

Electric vehicles: Problems or solutions

“…Each ICE can be characterized by comparable parameters like: specific emissions, volumetric power rate, brake specific fuel consumption, overall engine effectiveness, etc. Currently, a modern combustion engine should be characterized by high overall effectiveness (more than 0.40), high effective power rate ( e.g., per engine mass, per cylinder) and ultra-low specific emission [20]. The ICE today is not taken into with regenerative braking mode [13] account for the future as the main vehicle's power source, especially for urban areas.…”

Combined passivity based control and optimal control for energy management of fuel cell/battery hybrid system

“…In the near future, the use of the hybrid system will become more important thanks to the reduction of oil production and the demand for reduction of green house emissions (). Often, electric sources such as fuel cell (FC), photovoltaic system or wind, and storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are presented in the hybrid system ().…”

Event‐based neural network predictive controller application for a distillation column

“…A number of papers have proposed conventional PID controllers, which is hardly suitable due to the distillation column process dynamics and the limits of PID controllers in managing them [6–8], therefore we have applied a model predictive controller (MPC) [9–11], which has had a significant influence on industrial control engineering. Using a MPC controller has important advantages compared to the previous approaches and includes solving an optimal control problem online, dealing explicitly with MIMO time delayed processes, and considering constraints (input‐output constraints) in controller design.The MPC has many benefits in this case compared to the PID.…”