Comparative Study Between Gender Bias in Household Water Conservation and Management in Commune of Pelengana

Abstract

Highlighting the practice of water conservation (PWC) is a safe way to accomplish water savings. Nevertheless, parameters affecting behavior change linked to water use keep uncertain. In this study, 467 residents (female: 272; male: 195) from three villages situated in the commune of Pelengana in Segou, Mali were investigated in order to analyze the effects of awareness, perceptions and individual water-use patterns control on PWC, and also the influence of gender on inhabitants' PWC. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc LSD tests were used in analyzing different data. Participants were very familiar with PWC, but stated low involvement in PWC, especially among men consumers. Although women adopted more PWC than men, the amount of water consumed by these women was more twice greater that of men. Women consumers engaged in PWC principally to reduce water costs, while men consumers applied PWC principally for water scarcity reduction. Daily habits changes and demands of extra time and effort were the principal obstacles for PWC, notably for men consumers. In all, there is a pressing need to enhance information clarity and communication among gender, consumers, and decision-makers to strengthen social assistance for water conservation.

Domestic Water Conservation in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: Perceptions and Practices

“…There was no significant difference in their harvest of rainwater for use between male respondents (M=3.5484, SD = 1.10157) and female respondents (M=3.5325, SD =1.09775); t (647) = 0.178, p = 0.859. The finding made in this study runs contrary to what is established by Diakite et al (2020), where gender was a demographic characteristic that impacted water conservation, as women were found to have greater levels of water conservation practices. But in Malik et al (2021) men were observed to have a higher level of water conservation practices.…”

“…But in Malik et al (2021) men were observed to have a higher level of water conservation practices. According to Garcetti and Kevany (2013) cited in Diakite et al (2020), women and girls feel the impact of water scarcity more (particularly in rural areas), as they are usually saddled with the responsibility of collecting and transporting water in such situations, the outcome of this study which shows that there are insignificant differences in the level of domestic water conservation practices by the male and female respondents does imply that conservation practices bear equal importance to both genders. Women who are usually more involved in household chores and use water in the process; and men who are the major decision-makers in homes are both actively contributing to domestic water conservation in similar measures.…”

Connectedness to Water as a Predictor of Household Participation in Water Resources Conservation in Singida Municipality, Tanzania

“…The identified low participation level to conserve water in Singida Municipality is consistent with different academic studies conducted in different areas. The study findings of Diakite & Amadou, (2020) in Mali reported that many respondents were aware of WCPs but had low participation in conservation practices. The study by Kusena et al, (2016)in Zimbabwe assessing public participation in water conservation found that only a few respondents participate in conserving water due to limited involvement in decisionmaking and conservation practice literacy.…”

“…The level and extent of participation in water conservation by the community and households in different areas is positively and negatively affected by many factors. According to Diakite & Amadou, (2020)with the help of ANOVA, in a comparative study between gender bias in household water conservation and management using a sample size of 467 residents in Mali, males had low participation as compared to females in water conservation practices. The main reason for the good participation of females was to reduce water bills and for males, water scarcity was a big concern, but in general awareness, perception, and community involvement in decision-making were observed to be the determinants of water use control.…”

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“…Con esta información se genera la Tabla 5, así mismo, se analiza el resultado en la gráfica de valoración del nivel piezométrico determinado al momento de aplicar el método de elemento finito (Diakite, 2020).…”