This paper proposes a novel brain inspired intelligent maximum power point tracking (BIIM) algorithm to enhance the performance of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system. A computational model for the algorithm is developed and implemented by mimicking the functionalities of amygdala, thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex and sensory cortex, present in the limbic system of the human brain. Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, such as perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC), often encounter challenges in achieving efficient and accurate maximum power point (MPP) tracking under varying environmental conditions. These algorithms exhibit slow convergence speed, oscillations around the MPP, and reduced tracking accuracy, leading to power losses and suboptimal photovoltaic system performance. To overcome these limitations, a novel brain-inspired intelligent MPPT (BIIM) algorithm has been proposed and implemented. The proposed BIIM algorithm incorporates the limbic system's ability to process sensory inputs, learn from past experiences, and make rapid decisions to achieve efficient MPPT. The efficacy of the proposed BIIM algorithm is comprehensively evaluated under various critical conditions, such as irradiance variations, temperature fluctuations, and grid faults. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT approach, comparative analysis was conducted with conventional MPPT algorithms such as P&O, proportional-integral (PI) controlled incremental conductance (IC-PI) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The simulation results reveals the superior dynamic performance of the BIIM algorithm by reducing the response time, undershoot, along with increased efficiency and robustness.