Comparative Study of Alkali‐Cation‐Based (Li+, Na+, K+) Electrolytes in Acetonitrile and Alkylcarbonates

Amara, Samia; Toulc'Hoat, Joël; Timperman, Laure; Biller, Agnès; Galiano, Hervé; Marcel, C.; Ledigabel, Matthieu; Anouti, Mérièm

doi:10.1002/cphc.201801064

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…[ 12,36 ] However, when acetonitrile (AN) and a binary mixture of EC:dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were used as solvents, KPF 6 ‐based electrolytes present lower ionic conductivities in the concentration range of 0.25–1.5 m but different trends in viscosity compared with those LiPF 6 and NaPF 6 ‐based electrolytes. [ 37 ] These results show that the compatibility between salts and solvents is important.…”

Section: Comparison Of LI Na and K Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Electrolytes and Interphases in Potassium Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) are recognized as one promising candidate for future energy storage devices due to their merits of cost‐effectiveness, high‐voltage, and high‐power operation. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of electrode materials and the progress has been well summarized in recent review papers. However, in addition to electrode materials, electrolytes also play a key role in determining the cell performance. Here, the research progress of electrolytes in PIBs is summarized, including organic liquid electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, solid‐state electrolytes and aqueous electrolytes, and the engineering of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces is also thoroughly discussed. This Progress Report provides a comprehensive guidance on the design of electrolyte systems for development of high performance PIBs.

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Section: Comparison Of LI Na and K Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Electrolytes and Interphases in Potassium Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Although its solubility is only around 0.8 m in common carbonate solvents, the ionic conductivity K + is higher than for Li + and Na + ions. [ 66 ]…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2020

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This is the first review on potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries (KSBs), which are emerging metal battery (MB) systems. Since KSBs are quite new, there are fundamental questions regarding the electrochemistry of S‐based cathode and of K metal anode, as well as the holistic aspects of full‐cell performance. The manuscript begins with a critical discussion regarding the potassium–sulfur electrochemistry and on how it differs from the much better‐known lithium–sulfur. Cathodes are discussed next, focusing on the role of sulfur structure, carbon host chemistry and porosity, and electrolytes in establishing the reversible potassium sulfide K2Sn phase sequence, the parasitic polysulfide shuttle, pulverization‐driven capacity fade, etc. Following is a discussion of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), including of hybrid solid–liquid systems that show much promise. Potassium metal anodes are then critically reviewed, emphasizing electrolyte reactions to form stable versus unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), covering the current understanding of potassium dendrites, and highlighting the deep‐eutectic K–Na alloying approaches for room temperature liquid anodes. The manuscript concludes with K–S batteries, focusing on cell architectures and providing quantitative performance comparisons as master plots. Unanswered scientific/technological questions are identified, emerging research opportunities are discussed, and potential experimental and simulation‐based studies that can unravel these unknowns are proposed.

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“…[ 248 ] In terms of its physical properties, the K + ion has the highest ionic conductivity and ion mobility of the three metals in common carbonate electrolyte combinations such as EC/DEC or EC/DMC (in the order of K + > Na + > Li + ), due to its larger size and polarizability. [ 249,250 ] More critically, potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries can deliver high gravimetric energy densities of about 1023 Wh kg −1 despite the weight of K, [ 251 ] by virtue of higher working potentials (lower reduction potential of K: E ° = −2.93 V, compared to Na: E ° = −2.71 V vs SHE). [ 237 ] Of course, challenges faced by the S‐cathode must still be addressed, with the volumetric expansion issue being especially harsh: the already severe 170% increase for Na–S battery cathodes would pale in comparison to the expected ≈ 300% for the S 8 to K 2 S transition ( Table 7 ).…”

Section: Prospects and Future Outlook: Sodium–sulfur Batteries And Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries and Beyond: Realizing Practical High Energy Systems through Anode, Cathode, and Electrolyte Engineering

Eng

Kumar

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

136

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The increasing energy demands of society today have led to the pursuit of alternative energy storage systems that can fulfil rigorous requirements like cost‐effectiveness and high storage capacities. Based fundamentally on earth‐abundant sodium and sulfur, room‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries are a promising solution in applications where existing lithium‐ion technology remains less economically viable, particularly in large‐scale stationary systems such as grid‐level storage. Here, the key challenges in the field are first highlighted, followed by comprehensive analyses of accessible strategies to overcome them, starting from engineering of the anode–electrolyte interface in both liquid and solid electrolytes. Recently reported polymer and solid‐state electrolytes are also surveyed. Thereafter, the core principles guiding use‐inspired design of cathode architectures, covering the spectrum of elemental sulfur and polysulfide cathodes, to emerging host structures, and covalent composites are focused upon. Future prospects are explored, with insights into other alkali‐metal systems beyond sodium–sulfur batteries, such as the potassium–sulfur battery. Finally a conclusion is provided by outlining the research directions necessary to attain high energy sodium–sulfur devices, and potential solutions to issues concerning large‐scale production, so as to ultimately realize widespread deployment of practical energy storage systems.

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Comparative Study of Alkali‐Cation‐Based (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) Electrolytes in Acetonitrile and Alkylcarbonates

Cited by 50 publications

References 57 publications

Electrolytes and Interphases in Potassium Ion Batteries

Electrolytes and Interphases in Potassium Ion Batteries

Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries and Beyond: Realizing Practical High Energy Systems through Anode, Cathode, and Electrolyte Engineering

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