Comparative study of aural microflora in healthy cats, allergic cats and cats with systemic disease

Pressanti, Charline; Drouet, Clémence; Cadiergues, Marie‐Christine

doi:10.1177/1098612x14522051

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there have not been any recent studies investigating the prevalence of O cynotis in a large cohort of cats in the UK, and there have been only three studies that have evaluated the normal external ear cytology in cats. 5,6,12 This study found that the prevalence of O cynotis was low, recorded as 0.9%. This result is in agreement with a Belgian study (2%), 10 an Australian study (<0.1%) 13 and a Portuguese study (2.2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…24 Previous studies have found very different values for aural Malassezia organism counts in normal cats. 5,6,12 Two studies used the × 40 objective for examining each highpower field. 5,6 In our study, similar to a previous study, 12 we used the × 100 oil immersion objective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In a study performed in France investigating pet cats, 15 healthy cats were examined and no Malassezia yeasts were detected; bacteria were isolated from a single ear. 12 In a study performed in the USA, 52 privately owned cats were examined using aural cytology; yeasts were detected in 83% and coccoid-shaped bacteria were detected in 71% of cats. 6 The median number of microorganisms per high-power dry field was 0.2 and 0.3 for Malassezia species and coccoid-shaped bacteria, respectively.…”

Section: Otoscopy and Aural Cytological Findings In A Population Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Otoscopy and aural cytological findings in a population of rescue cats and cases in a referral small animal hospital in England and Wales

Tyler

Swales

Foster

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Otitis externa is seen clinically in cats, although studies investigating this condition within the UK are lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis mites and microbial infection in the ear canals of cats in various rescue centres and a referral hospital. Methods Otoscopy was performed in 332 cats. Otoscopic findings were noted, including the gross visualisation of Otodectes species. A sample of cerumen was collected for cytological evaluation and a cerumen smear for detection of Otodectes mites if there was a large amount of aural exudate present. Results O cynotis infestation was noted in 3/341 cats (0.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–2.6). A total of 129/341 (37.8%; 95% CI 32.7–43.0) cats were found to have Malassezia species within one or both ears. Bacteria were found unilaterally in 9/341 (2.6%; 95% CI 1.4–4.9) cats. Analysis of the cytological findings showed an increased likelihood for Malassezia species to be present as age increased (n = 293; Pearson r = 0.204, P <0.001). There was also an increased likelihood of finding Malassezia species in both ears if found within one ear (n = 327; r = 0.499, P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between the number of Malassezia organisms and the quantity of aural exudate (n = 338; r = 0.778, P <0.001). Cats in which Otodectes species infestation were noted (n = 3) had moderate or large quantities of cerumen. Conclusions and relevance This study shows that there was a low prevalence of O cynotis in this cohort of cats. In normal cats it was not unusual to find Malassezia microorganisms upon aural cytology, bacteria were noted far less frequently and in two cats this was associated with underlying anatomical pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Otoscopy and Aural Cytological Findings In A Population Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Otoscopy and aural cytological findings in a population of rescue cats and cases in a referral small animal hospital in England and Wales

Tyler

Swales

Foster

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…By contast, another study failed to identify yeasts in 20 health cats sampled in France; notably in the latter study, the presence of cerumen was an exclusion criterion whereas cerumen was noted in many of the US cats, especially amongst those with a purely indoor lifestyle . Malassezia yeasts were detected in 20% (six of 30) ear canals of 15 cats with disease and in 43% (13 of 30) ear canals of 15 allergic cats . Devon rex cats and sphynx cats, but not Cornish rex cats, are prone to high carriage rates of Malassezia yeasts and a generalised seborrhoeic dermatitis that responds to oral itraconazole .…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Biology, diagnosis and treatment ofMalasseziadermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Bond

Morris

Guillot

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

118

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Background -The genus Malassezia is comprised of a group of lipophilic yeasts that have evolved as skin commensals and opportunistic cutaneous pathogens of a variety of mammals and birds.Objectives -The objective of this document is to provide the veterinary community and other interested parties with current information on the ecology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases associated with Malassezia yeasts in dogs and cats.Methods and material -The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to October 2018. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) Clinical Consensus Guideline committee provided guidance and oversight for this process. The document was presented at two international meetings of veterinary dermatology societies and one international mycology workshop; it was made available for comment on the WAVD website for a period of six months. Comments were shared with the GP electronically and responses incorporated into the final document.Conclusions and clinical importance -There has been a remarkable expansion of knowledge on Malassezia yeasts and their role in animal disease, particularly since the early 1990's. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats has evolved from a disease of obscurity and controversy on its existence, to now being a routine diagnosis in general veterinary practice. Clinical signs are well recognised and diagnostic approaches are well developed. A range of topical and systemic therapies is known to be effective, especially when predisposing factors are identified and corrected.

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“…Outros casos de meningite relacionados com infecção do trato respiratório também já foram relatados [6], inclusive com resistência à doxiciclina e tetraciclina [2]. De acordo com o laudo bacteriológico, a bactéria isolada da bula timpânica condiz com a microbiota presente nos casos de otite média e interna em gatos [17].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Bacterial Otitis by Klebsiella sp. as a Cause of Encephalitis in a Cat

Silveira

Vidor

Dhein

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Meningoencephalitis in cats is usually related to infectious diseases but may also be caused by the extension of bacterial infections originated in the middle or inner ear. This paper seeks to report on a case of encephalitis due to an infection in the middle/inner ear in a 15-year-old cat. The diagnosis was made through brain CT scan and culture and antibiogram of material collected during a ventral osteotomy of the tympanic bulla and reported grave intravascular haemolysis associated to the treatment with antimicrobial imipenem with cilastatin sodium that has already been described in humans but not in small animals in the researched literature.Case: A 15-year-old, male, castrated, Siamese cat was brought to the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the UFRGS. The animal presented pyrexia and hyporexia, tested negative in the immunoenzymatic test to detect antigens of the FeLV and antibodies of the FIV. The animal had a history of three episodes of tonic convulsion within two days and otitis that hadgone untreated for 10 months prior to the consultation, with apparent spontaneous remission. After blood tests, serum biochemistry profile, abdominal ultrasound scan, chest x-rays and CT scan was requested. It revealed middle and inner otitis in the right ear. It was performed a ventral osteotomy of the right tympanic bulla. Material was collected for culture and antibiogram. It was confirmed that the animal had an inner otitis of bacterial origin by multi-resistant Klebsiella spp. that was sensitive only to antimicrobial imipenem with cilastatin sodium. Fifteen days into the treatment with this antibacterial combination, grave haemolysis was observed, probably associated to the use of the medicine. The patient died on the 17th day of the treatment which was not interrupted as per its owner’s decision. At necropsy, both in the tympanic bulla and liver were found mucous content and whitish lumps. The material collected from the tympanic bulla and cerebrospinal liquid were cultured post-mortem when the bacteria Klebsiella sp. was isolated in the CNS and no bacterial growth was observed in the right tympanic bulla.Discussion: This makes it possible to deduce that there was an intracranial expansion of the otitis which would explain the convulsions and, that due to the use of the antimicrobial agent, the growth of Klebsiella sp. in the tympanic bulla was inhibited. The final diagnosis was bacterial otitis with probable bacterial migration to the brain and liver. Suppurativemeningoencephalitis caused by the expansion of the inflammation deriving from middle/inner otitis has been reported as being the cause of convulsions in cats with bacterial isolation. The bacteria that was isolated from the tympanic bulla is in agreement with the microbiota present in middle/inner otitis in cats. Regarding haemolysis, there are no reports thatlink the use of carbapenems in small animals to it or that mention what the safe therapeutic dosage should be if they were administered. Regarding humans, there have been various reports of haemolytic anaemia caused by this type of medicine including carbapenems. It is also known that, in in vitro tests, imipenem may cause inhibition due to competition from human erythrocyte-glutathione reductase, in charge of defending the erythrocyte against haemolysis. It has been concludedthat meningoencephalitis caused by middle/inner otitis must be included as a differential diagnosis in case of convulsions in cats. Additionally, further studies must be carried out in order to determine both the efficacy and the toxicity of carbapenems in veterinary patients, including studies of the occurrence of grave haemolysis after they are administered.Keywords: meningoencephalitis, computed tomography, convulsions, imipinem, carbapenems.

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Comparative study of aural microflora in healthy cats, allergic cats and cats with systemic disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Otoscopy and aural cytological findings in a population of rescue cats and cases in a referral small animal hospital in England and Wales

Otoscopy and aural cytological findings in a population of rescue cats and cases in a referral small animal hospital in England and Wales

Biology, diagnosis and treatment ofMalasseziadermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Bacterial Otitis by Klebsiella sp. as a Cause of Encephalitis in a Cat

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