Comparative Study of Biochemical Responses in Three Species of Earthworms Exposed to Pesticide and Metal Contaminated Soil

Jeyanthi, Venkadapathi; Paul, James Arockia John; Selvi, B. Karunai

doi:10.1007/s40710-016-0131-9

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The data on metal toxicity in contaminated soils are scarce and difficult to interpret due to multiple contaminations, the diverse ages of contamination, and the effects of the soil properties on metal availability. There are studies [8,28,30,36,45,46] explaining the mechanisms of earthworms' survival under stress conditions, which are supported by efficient innate immune mechanisms based on the cellular activities of coelomycetes and humoral immune proteins.…”

Section: Earthworm Survival and Growth In Amended Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods for the measurement of TE availability are based on different techniques, including chemical extraction [9,10,12,13,21,24,25], modeling processes [26,27], and bioassays [7,8,12,13,21,24,28,29]. Of these, bioassays give a more direct measurement of biological responses, as well as the real bioaccumulation rate of TE [8,12,13,21,[29][30][31]. The direct responses of organisms exposed to potentially polluting elements obtained by bioassays are indicative of the actual risk of pollutants [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Soil Amendments on Trace Elements’ Bioavailability and Toxicity to Earthworms in Contaminated Soils

Ukalska‐Jaruga

Siebielec

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of soil amendments, characterized by different sorption properties, on the effectiveness of trace elements’ (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) stabilization and bioavailability to earthworms. The study was conducted as a microcosm experiment using soil derived from a heavily contaminated post-industrial area. The Eisenia veneta earthworm was cultured for 4 weeks in soils amended with materials characterized by different properties, origins, and potential effects on limiting the availability of metals in soils: two type of compost (Zabrze compost-ZC; GWDA compost-GC), two types of biosolid (Bełchatów biosolids-BB, Grabów biosolids-GB), calcium phosphate (CP), iron oxide (IO), bentonite (BE), rock waste (RW), and limestone (CC). After the incubation, the biomass and survival numbers of the earthworm species decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The accumulation of metals in the earthworm tissues expressed by the bioaccumulation factor value (BSAF) were dependent on the type of amendment applied to the soil. The highest decrease in the earthworms’ weight and survival rate was caused by compost (72%) and bentonite (33%), while the lowest was caused by the rock waste (10%) and iron oxide (11%). The biosolids exhibited the greatest toxicity, causing the mortality of all the earthworms. The accumulation of metals in earthworm tissues and the BSAF value were dependent on the type of amendment applied to the soil. The BSAF for the contaminated soil by Cd decreased to the greatest extent after the addition of ZC (by 57%), GC (55%), CP (41%), and IO (37%). A similarly positive effect was noted for Pb after IO addition (45% decrease). The Zn, Cr, and Ni concentration in earthworms, contrary to other elements, increased, regardless of the amendment. The results showed that the applied soil amendments were characterized by varying potential for the reduction in the metal bioavailability in the soil, depending on their composition and physicochemical properties. Moreover, earthworms may exhibit a diversified response to soil amendments as a result of the impact of amendment on the metal forms in soils and their direct impact on organisms. Generally, the Cd was easily transferred from the soil into and accumulated in the earthworm tissues. Our study confirms that this element creates the highest risk for the trophic chain in soils affected by the Zn and Pb smelting industry. Moreover, greater Zn supply reduces the accumulation of Cd in animal bodies. This study provides valuable practical knowledge on the short-term biological effects of a range of soil amendments in metal-contaminated soils.

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Section: Earthworm Survival and Growth In Amended Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Soil Amendments on Trace Elements’ Bioavailability and Toxicity to Earthworms in Contaminated Soils

Ukalska‐Jaruga

Siebielec

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…All these insecticides primarily affect nervous systemneonicotinoids interfere with the transmission of stimuli in the nervous system causing irreversible blockage of acetylcholine receptors, oxadiazines act as voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, pyrethroids cause excitation of the sodium and potassium channels of neurons and the delay of closing of the channels during the phase of depolarization and organophosphates inhibit the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to accumulation of acetylcholine, excessive stimulation of the cholinergic receptors and disruption of neural activity (Stenersen 2004;Casida, 2009;Ribera et al, 2001;Gracia et al,2011;Nasr & Badawy, 2015). Jeyanthi et al (2016) reported that Carbaryl at higher concentration (50 kg/ ha) decreases protein content and antioxidant enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The antibiotics, carbamates and organophosphates induced intermediate toxicity response to earthworms.…”

Section: Effect Of Insecticides On Earthwormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

World of earthworms with pesticides and insecticides

Miglani

Bisht

2019

Interdisciplinary Toxicology

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Earthworms are important organisms in soil communities and are known for sustaining the life of the soil. They are used as a model organism in environmental risk assessment of chemicals and soil toxicology. Soil provides physical and nutritive support to agriculture system by regulating biogeochemical cycles, nutrient cycle, waste degradation, organic matter degradation etc. The biggest threat to soil health are pesticides and synthetic chemicals including fertilizers. Earthworms are most severely hit by these xenobiotic compounds leading to a sizeable reduction of their population and adversely affecting soil fertility. Earthworms are incredible soil organisms playing a crucial role in maintaining soil health. Pesticides used in crop management are known to be most over-purchased and irrationally used soil toxicants, simultaneously, used insecticides contribute to a quantum of damage to earthworms and other non-target organisms. LC50 and LD50 studies revealed that earthworms are highly susceptible to insecticides causing immobility, rigidity and also show a significant effect on biomass reduction, growth and reproduction by disrupting various physiological activities leading to loss of earthworm population and soil biodiversity.

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“…Materials and Methods a. Preparation of earthworm tissue homogenates by method of Jeyanthi et al, (2016) [6] . b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on superoxide dismuatse activity in earthworm Eisenia fetida on direct exposure to neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid

Gill¹,

Rao²,

Gupta³

et al. 2021

Pharma Innovation

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Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that acts as an insect neurotoxin and belongs to class of chemicals called the neonicotinoides which act on central nervous system of insects. Three concentration of imidacloprid (0.134 µl, 0.195 µl and 0.285 µl) have been used during the experiment for evaluation of enzymatic activity. The increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity suggests that SOD has the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the stress at lower concentration of imidacloprid and it also indicated that the activity of the superoxide dismutase had shown different responses to toxicity of various concentrations of imidacloprid for different exposure periods in earthworm Eisenia fetida. Imidacloprid at concentrations of 0.195 µl and 0.285µl had shown the SOD activities of 6.773 and 7.263 U/mg protein respectively at 48 hr of exposure, while a concentration of 0.285µl has showed an enzyme activity of 6.835 U/mg protein at 24 hr of exposure. The study revealed that the activity of antioxidant enzyme of earthworms is altered due to stress produced by neonicotinoid insecticide. The statistical data of pesticide is highly significant with respect to treatment and time of exposure.

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Comparative Study of Biochemical Responses in Three Species of Earthworms Exposed to Pesticide and Metal Contaminated Soil

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

The Effect of Soil Amendments on Trace Elements’ Bioavailability and Toxicity to Earthworms in Contaminated Soils

The Effect of Soil Amendments on Trace Elements’ Bioavailability and Toxicity to Earthworms in Contaminated Soils

World of earthworms with pesticides and insecticides

Effect on superoxide dismuatse activity in earthworm Eisenia fetida on direct exposure to neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid

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