This Perspective explores the integration of machine
learning potentials
(MLPs) in the research of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on their
role in identifying
in situ
active sites and enhancing
the understanding of catalytic processes. MLPs utilize extensive databases
from high-throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations
to train models that predict atomic configurations, energies, and
forces with near-DFT accuracy. These capabilities allow MLPs to handle
significantly larger systems and extend simulation times beyond the
limitations of traditional
ab initio
methods. Coupled
with global optimization algorithms, MLPs enable systematic investigations
across vast structural spaces, making substantial contributions to
the modeling of catalyst surface structures under reactive conditions.
The review aims to provide a broad introduction to recent advancements
and practical guidance on employing MLPs and also showcases several
exemplary cases of MLP-driven discoveries related to surface structure
changes under reactive conditions and the nature of active sites in
heterogeneous catalysis. The prevailing challenges faced by this approach
are also discussed.