Comparative study of diesel and biodiesel on CI engine with emphasis to emissions—A review

Ventura

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

This study evaluated the concentration profiles of regulated and unregulated pollutants emitted from a stationary diesel engine cycle, operating at the speed of 1800 rpm and 0% load, using biofuels and binary blends. The experimental test considered fuel burning time on three different periods and storage times. The operation of the engine when it is still cold, for example at 15 minutes, showed negative effect on particulate matter (PM), benzene and ethylbenzene emissions in pure soybean biodiesel (B100) compared to the blend of diesel with 5% biodiesel (B5). Regarding to the concentration of mono aromatics, aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), this study showed similar results to those reported in the literature, where B5 fuel emits more pollutants than pure biodiesel. However, comparing some pollutants individually, benzene and ethylbenzene emissions were higher for B100 and pure soybean biodiesel with butil-hydroxyanisol additive (B100 Adt). The B5 showed the highest concentration profile for the PAH sum in the gaseous and particulate phases in longer engine operation periods.

Section: Aldehydesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Aliphatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration Profiles of Regulated and Unregulated Pollutants Emitted from the Combustion of Soybean Biodiesel and Diesel/Biodiesel Blend Originating of a Diesel Cycle Engine

Ventura

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

Polymer Degradation and Stability

“…Biodiesel can be produced in petroleum refineries, distributed through existing infrastructure, and combusted in regular diesel engines [2][3][4]. However, rubber parts have a shorter lifetime in biodiesel-fuelled engines than in engines running with petroleum-based fuels [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ageing conditions on degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber filled with heat-treated ZnO star-shaped particles in rapeseed biodiesel

Akhlaghi

Pourrahimi

Sjöstedt

et al. 2017

Effects of ageing conditions on degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber filled with heattreated ZnO star-shaped particles in rapeseed biodiesel. Polymer degradation and stabilityAccess to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT1 AbstractThe degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) after exposure to biodiesel at different oxygen partial pressures in an automated ageing equipment at 80 °C, and in a high-pressure autoclave at 150 °C was studied. The oxidation of biodiesel was promoted by an increase in oxygen concentration, resulting in a larger uptake of fuel in the rubber due to internal cavitation, a greater decrease in the strainat-break of NBR due to the coalescence of cavity, and a faster increase in the crosslinking density and carbonyl index due to the promotion of the oxidation of NBR. During the high-temperature autoclave ageing, less fuel was absorbed in the rubber, because the formation of hydroperoxides and acids was impeded. The extensibility of NBR aged in the autoclave decreased only slightly due to the cleavage of rubber chains by the biodiesel attack. The degradation of NBR in the absence of carbon black was explained as being due to oxidative crosslinking. The dissolution of ZnO crystals in the acidic components of biodiesel was retarded by removing the inter-particle porosity and surface defects through heat treating star-shaped ZnO particles. The rubber containing heat-treated ZnO particles swelled less in biodiesel than a NBR filled with commercial ZnO nanoparticles, and showed a smaller decrease in the strain-at-break and less oxidative crosslinking.

“…Currently, biodiesel is being used by several countries as a solution which requires policies for production in order to be used in the transport sector. 1,2 Biodiesel combustion in engines leads to reduction of smoke, suspended particulates, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon emissions (HC). However, it increases emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO 2 ), improving or maintaining motor efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various additives have been proposed to improve the engine efficiency, such as methanol and ethanol, which improve the viscosity and reduce fuel consumption. 1 Biodiesel was inserted in the Brazilian energy matrix on January 13, 2005, by law No. 11,097.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Identification of Functional Groups of Molecules Responsible for Fluorescence of Biodiesel Using FTIR Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

Silva

Quintella

Meira

2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

In order to separate and identify functional groups of molecules responsible for fluorescence compounds present in biodiesel, a column chromatography coupled with infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis was performed. A biodiesel sample was packed in a chromatographic column and the fractions obtained were used to perform the analyses. Before undergoing the separation process, the biodiesel sample was analyzed by light emitting diode (LED)-induced fluorescence and compared its spectrum with β-carotene and soybean oil patterns. The low cost and speed of analysis suggest that this technique can be used in the separation of biodiesel substances. The fluorescence emission spectra allowed identifying molecules such as β-carotene, in which the spectrum of its pattern exhibited fluorescence within a region ranging from 500 to 700 nm and chlorophyll molecules. When soybean oil is excited at around 405 nm, it features a fluorescent emission band within the region of 670 nm, which reveals the presence of chlorophyll. Infrared spectroscopy coupled with principal component analysis allowed to discriminate the fractions and to identify the functional groups of compounds present in the sample.