Comparative Study of Drag Reducers for Light Hydrocarbon Flow

Guersoni, Vanessa; Bannwart, Antonio Carlos; Destefani, Thalita Angélica; Sabadini, Edvaldo

doi:10.1080/10916466.2015.1031349

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The reduction in turbulent friction losses by the addition of high-molecular-weight polymers to crude oil pipes has been extensively studied (Table S1). ,− The summary shows that the drag reduction effect of the polymer can be applied to a wide range of oil products, and a significant drag reduction effect can be achieved by adding a small concentration of polymer. The researchers also explored the effects of polymer concentration, Reynolds number, temperature, pipe diameter, and wall roughness on the drag reduction rate, paying special attention to the effects of polymer physical properties such as polymer solubility, molecular weight, and shear degradation resistance on the DR effect.…”

Section: Drag Reducing Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag Reduction Related to Boundary Layer Control in Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil by Pipeline: A Review

Jing,

Guo,

Karimov

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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With the depletion of conventional light crude oil, heavy crude oil will occupy an increasing share of the energy structure in the 21st century. Heavy crude oil is characterized by an API gravity of 10 to 22.3 or a viscosity of 0.09 to 10 Pa·s. The flow of heavy crude oil in the pipeline is laminar in the higher viscosity range and turbulent in the lower viscosity range, and its flow resistance comes from the viscous force between the oil and the wall or the additional stress of turbulent flow. Hence, pipeline transportation of heavy crude oil is faced with a huge loss of frictional resistance, which means a reduction of the transportation efficiency. To decrease pump power consumption, improving the transportation efficiency of heavy crude oil pipelines is a key factor. In recent years, some biomimetic technologies that reduce the flow resistance of viscous oils have made new progress in improving their fluidity and have not yet been put into use in commercial pipelines. Therefore, it is important and appropriate to discuss the breakthrough achievements and progress made by researchers in the drag reduction (DR) of heavy crude oil and to summarize its advantages, disadvantages, and potential problems. This review discusses boundary layer control methods for heavy crude oil drag reduction. First, conventional DR technologies, such as polymers, surfactants, fiber suspensions, oil–water core annular flow (CAF) and oil–aqueous foam CAF, and potential DR technologies, including oleophobic surfaces, flexible walls, biomimetic microgrooves, and ferrofluid annular DR under magnetic confinement, are presented. Second, the mechanism of DR is investigated and summarized; the highlights and progress of the technology are reviewed, and new ideas to improve the existing DR technology are proposed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of DR are presented.

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Section: Drag Reducing Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag Reduction Related to Boundary Layer Control in Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil by Pipeline: A Review

Jing,

Guo,

Karimov

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Since intensive mixing can lead to the destruction of macromolecules and a decrease in the drag reducing effect, polymer solutions in n-heptane were made by dissolving polymer samples with slow stirring for 1 day. Various experimental methods can be used to investigate the drag reducing effect, including rotational rheometry at high Reynolds numbers [1,9,[58][59][60] and turbulent flow rheometry [14,61]. In the present work, comparative studies of the DR efficiency of polymers PH-P2c were carried out at 7 and 22 • C using turbulent capillary rheometry [14] of heavily diluted polymer solutions (see Section 2.6).…”

Section: Drag Reducing Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem Synthesis of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Drag Reducing Poly-α-Olefins for Low-Temperature Pipeline Transportation

et al. 2021

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Ultra-high molecular weight poly-α-olefins are widely used as drag reducing agents (DRAs) for pipeline transportation of oil and refined petroleum products. The synthesis of polyolefin DRAs is based on low-temperature Ziegler–Natta (ZN) polymerization of higher α-olefins. 1-Hexene based DRAs, the most effective at room temperature, typically lose DR activity at low temperatures. The use of 1-hexene copolymers with C8–C12 linear α-olefins appears to offer a solution to the problem of low-temperature drag reducing. The present work aims to develop two-stage synthesis of polyolefin DRAs that is based on selective oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of efficient chromium/aminodiphosphine catalysts (Cr-PNP), followed by polymerization of the olefin mixtures, formed at oligomerization stage, using efficient titanium–magnesium ZN catalyst. We have shown that oligomerization of ethylene in α-olefin reaction media proceeds faster than in saturated hydrocarbons, providing the formation of 1-hexene, 1-octene, and branched C10 and C12 olefins; the composition and the ratio of the reaction products depended on the nature of PNP ligand. Oligomerizates were used in ZN polymerization ‘as is’, without additional treatment. Due to branched character of C10+ hydrocarbons, formed during oligomerization of ethylene, resulting polyolefins demonstrate higher low-temperature DR efficiency at low polymer concentrations (~1 ppm) in comparison with benchmark polymers prepared from the mixtures of linear α-olefins and from pure 1-hexene. We assume that faster solubility and more efficient solvation of the polyolefins, prepared using ‘tandem’ ethylene-based process, represent an advantage of these type polymers over conventional poly(1-hexene) and linear α-olefin-based polymers when used as ‘winter’ DRAs.

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“…The flow between two counter-rotating coaxial circular cylinders known as Taylor–Couette (TC) flow is a paradigm in fluid mechanics for studies of instability, spatiotemporal chaos, pattern formation and turbulence (Grossmann, Lohse & Sun 2016). On the other hand, due to its simple geometry, and experimental accessibility with high precision, the TC system also becomes an ideal test bed for various drag reduction methods, such as adding drag reducers (Groisman & Steinberg 1996; Nakken, Tande & Elgsaeter 2001; Guersoni et al 2015; Van Buren & Smits 2017), injection of bubbles (Van den Berg et al 2005; Murai, Oiwa & Takeda 2008; Sugiyama, Calzavarini & Lohse 2008; Verschoof et al 2018), using the Leidenfrost effect (Saranadhi et al 2016; Ayan, Entezari & Chini 2019) or modification of solid surfaces (Greidanus, Delfos & Westerweel 2011; Srinivasan et al 2015; Rosenberg et al 2016; Hu et al 2017; Naim & Baig 2019). In TC flow, pairs of counter-rotating vortices arise when the Reynolds number () exceeds a critical value (Andereck, Liu & Swinney 1986; Maretzke, Hof & Avila 2014; Grossmann et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%