Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

Abstract

Conch shell bio-filler (CSBF) was prepared by washing, ultrasonicating, and pulverizing of conch shells and then was applied in waterborne intumescent fire-retardant coatings. The influence of CSBF on fire resistance and anti-ageing properties of intumescent fire-retardant coatings were studied by using different analytical methods. The fire protection and smoke density tests showed that when the mass fraction of CSBF was 3%, the resulting FRC3 coating had the optimum synergistic flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effects concomitant with a flame-spread rating of 10.7, equilibrium backside temperature of 152.4 °C at 900 s, and smoke-density rating value of 10.4%, which were attributed to the establishment of a more dense and stable intumescent char layer against heat and mass transfer. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the presence of CSBF increased the thermal stability and char-forming performance of the coatings, and the char residue of FRC3 rose to 34.6% at 800 °C from 28.6% of FRC0 without CSBF. The accelerated ageing test suggested that the incorporation of CSBF reduced the migration and decomposition of the flame retardants and the yellowing, blistering, and powdering phenomenon, thus improving the structural stability of the coating, resulting in better durability of flame retardancy and smoke-suppression performance.

Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review

“…In addition, certain biobased waste has shown positive outcomes in conventional intumescent flame-retardant coatings. Wang et al [132] investigated conch shell biofiller (CSBF), which was created by washing, ultrasonically pulverizing, and pulverizing conch shell, and then used in waterborne intumescent flame-retardant coatings. The pHRR and THR decreased by 24.8% and 29.6%, respectively, when compared to a reference sample.…”

Assessing the Impact of Sepiolite-Based Bio-Pigment Infused with Indigo Extract on Appearance and Durability of Water-Based White Primer

“…Likewise, lignin and cellulose serve as renewable resources used as strengthening nanofillers in composite materials [15,16]. Additionally, the diverse range of discarded seashells from mollusks offers an endless supply of CaCO 3 , their primary component, which can serve as an alternative to conventional calcium carbonate in eco-friendly coatings [17][18][19]. Moreover, the agroindustrial sector generates substantial waste that holds the potential for functional use as cost-effective, high-performance fillers.…”

Functional Olive Pit Powders: The Role of the Bio-Based Filler in Reducing the Water Uptake Phenomena of the Waterborne Paint

“…The chicken eggshells (ES), for example, representing the greatest calcium carbonate natural resources (95%) to find in bio-waste condition [13], are widely employed as bio-filler in polypropylene hybrid material [14], acrylic coating [15], chitosan nanocomposite [16], and intumescent coatings [17,18] as a substitute to the standard industrial calcium carbonate. Similarly, the debris from various mollusks' seashells is an endless supply of CaCO 3 , which may be employed to enhance the mechanical [19,20] and thermal [21] properties of bio-composites as well as the performance of the coating in terms of smoke suppression and flame retardancy [22,23]. Finally, the enormous amount of waste generated by the agro-industrial field can be applied as a cost-effective and valuable filler.…”