“…For example, based on physical model experiments, Løland [22], Tsukrov [23], Tang [24], Lader [25], etc., established two hydrodynamic calculation models of netting, namely the Morison model and the Screen model, and proposed corresponding empirical formulas. Based on these empirical formulas, scholars such as Moe-Føre [26], Li [27], Shainee [28], Faltinsen [29], Takagi [30], etc., used beam elements, truss elements, and concentrated mass-spring models to construct numerical models of net cages, forming various hydrodynamic characteristic numerical analysis codes, such as Aqua-FE, AquaSim, DUT-FlexSim, NaLA, and MPSL, which can be used to accurately evaluate the hydrodynamic load and deformation of net cages [31]. However, using the finite element method to establish numerical models of the netting cannot, on its own, simulate the interference of net cages and the surrounding flow.…”