Comparative Study of Five Transferable Turf Residue Methods

Klonne, Dennis R.; Cowell, J.; Mueth, M.; Eberhart, D.; Rosenheck, L.; Ross, John H.; Worgan, J.

doi:10.1007/s001280189

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Averaged over methods, 2,4-D transfer immediately after application ranked creeping bentgrass (21% of applied) > hybrid bermudagrass (16.4%) = tall fescue (15.1%), which aligns with canopy density trends across systems (Table 1; Figure 5). Averaged over turfgrasses, 2,4-D transfer immediately after application ranked hand wipe (21.2% of applied) > modified California roller (16.8%) = soccer ball roll (14.4%), which agrees with previous efforts showing hand/shoe sampling can transfer more pesticide residue compared to other transfer techniques including drag-and roller-based methods 10,11 . A 1 h drying period resulted in a 2-to 4-fold decrease in transferable 2,4-D residues across turfgrasses and with modified California roller and hand wiping methods, while transfer decreased 36-fold from soccer ball roll.…”

Section: Representative Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Previous research efforts have compared several foliar transferable pesticide residue methods including a California roller (moving a roller of known mass over cotton cloth), drag sled (pulling a solid object of known mass with a piece of cloth attached to it), polyurethane foam roller (moving a roller of known mass covered with polyurethane foam) and shoe shuffling (attaching cotton cheesecloth to shoes), which are all conducted in a known area of pesticide-treated turfgrass 9,10,11,12 . Of the aforementioned methods, California roller-based approaches provide the most repeatable approach to quantify foliar transferable pesticide residues; however, comparably more aggressive approaches such as shoe shuffling can transfer more pesticide residue, which also has utility in risk assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protocols for Quantifying Transferable Pesticide Residues in Turfgrass Systems

Jeffries

Gannon

Maxwell

2017

JoVE

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Plant canopies in established turfgrass systems can intercept an appreciable amount of sprayed pesticides, which can be transferred through various routes onto humans. For this reason, transferable pesticide residue experiments are required for registration and re-registration by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Although such experiments are required, limited specificity is required pertaining to experimental approach. Experimental approaches used to assess pesticide transfer to humans including hand wiping with cotton gloves, modified California roller (moving a roller of known mass over cotton cloth) and soccer ball roll (ball wrapped with sorbent strip) over three treated turfgrass species (creeping bentgrass, hybrid bermudagrass and tall fescue maintained at 0.4, 5 and 9 cm, respectively) are presented. The modified California roller is the most extensively utilized approach to date, and is best suited for use at low mowing heights due to its reproducibility and large sampling area. The soccer ball roll is a less aggressive transfer approach; however, it mimics a very common occurrence in the most popular international sport, and has many implications for nondietary pesticide exposure from hand-to-mouth contact. Additionally, this approach may be adjusted for other athletic activities with limited modification. Hand wiping is the best approach to transfer pesticides at higher mowing heights, as roller-based approaches can lay blades over; however, it is more subjective due to more variable sampling pressure. Utility of these methods across turfgrass species is presented, and additional considerations to conduct transferable pesticide residue research in turfgrass systems are discussed.

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Section: Representative Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocols for Quantifying Transferable Pesticide Residues in Turfgrass Systems

Jeffries

Gannon

Maxwell

2017

JoVE

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“…A “drag sled” method has also been developed that uses a 100-cm 2 patch of denim affixed to the bottom of a sledlike device, whose weight approximates the force exerted by a 10-kg child on a surface ( Byrne et al 1998 ; Vaccaro et al 1996 ). Similar methods have been developed to assess the dislodgeable residue from treated lawns ( Fuller et al 2001 ; Klonne et al 2001 ; Rosenheck et al 2001 ). In theory, the PUF and drag sled methods should give similar results, but no studies have directly compared them.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Exposure Assessment of Pesticides in Farmworker Homes

Hoppin

Adgate

Eberhart

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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Farmworkers and their families are exposed to pesticides both at work and in their homes. Environmental exposure assessment provides a means to evaluate pesticides in the environment and human contact with these chemicals through identification of sources and routes of exposure. To date, a variety of methods have been used to assess pesticide exposure among farmworker families, mostly focusing on dust and handwipe samples. While many of the methods are similar, differences in the collection, chemical analysis, and statistical analysis, can limit the comparability of results from farm-worker studies. This mini-monograph discusses the strategies used to assess pesticide exposures, presents limitations in the available data for farmworkers, and suggests research needs for future studies of pesticide exposure among farmworker families.

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“…Exposure to treated turf is principally through the dermal route by contacting turf transferable residues (TTRs) present on the turfgrass surface . The CA roller has become the preferred method for evaluating TTR from turfgrass. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golfer Exposure to Traditional Pesticides Following Application to Turfgrass

Doherty,

Putnam,

DeFlorio

et al. 2024

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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The management of residential and golf course environments entails the use of pesticides and raises concerns about human exposure. Previous research demonstrated that exposure to some turfgrass pesticides is at a level that would concern risk assessors (Murphy K.C.; Cooper R.J.; and Clark J.M. Dislodgeable and volatile residues from insecticide-treated turfgrass. In, World Scientific Congress of Golf II. 1995). Using environmental monitoring, dosimetry, and biomonitoring, absorbed pesticide doses, as well as transfer and absorption dynamics, were determined following the play of golf, allowing an estimation of risk. The hands and lower legs received most of the dermal exposure, whereas airborne residues contributed little to exposure. The risk associated with pesticide exposure was determined by the hazard quotient (HQ) and margin of exposure (MOE) methods. HQs > 1.0 or MOEs < 100−300 give rise to a level of concern about possibly unsafe exposures. Dermal HQs ranged from ∼0.0001 (cyfluthrin with irrigation) to ∼0.006 (chlorothalonil without irrigation, 2,4-D, MCPP-p), while MOEs ranged from ∼160,000 (2,4-D) to 1,170,000 (cyfluthrin with irrigation), indicating limited concern from these exposures.

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Comparative Study of Five Transferable Turf Residue Methods

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Protocols for Quantifying Transferable Pesticide Residues in Turfgrass Systems

Protocols for Quantifying Transferable Pesticide Residues in Turfgrass Systems

Environmental Exposure Assessment of Pesticides in Farmworker Homes

Golfer Exposure to Traditional Pesticides Following Application to Turfgrass

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