Comparative Study of Four Jackfruit Genotypes: Morphology, Physiology and Physicochemical Characterization

Abstract

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a climacteric fruit native to India which, due to its edaphoclimatic adaptability, is also found in Mexico, the main exporter of the fruit in Latin America. Despite this, information on the characterization of jackfruit genotypes in Mexico is limited; therefore, the objective of this study was to carry out morphological, physiological, and physicochemical characterization of four jackfruit genotypes, locally known as “Agüitada”, “Licenciada”, “Rumina”, and “Virtud”, which are cultivated in Nayarit, Mexico. Morphological analyses revealed 17 traits with significant differences among the genotypes. The respiration rate showed the maximum production of CO2 in the “Agüitada” genotype, with 123.99 mL of CO2 kg−1·h−1 at day 2 of storage. The “Rumina” and “Licenciada” genotypes had yellow bulbs while “Agüitada” and “Virtud” had orange bulbs. A principal component analysis revealed different behaviors of the fruits throughout their storage. In general, a wide diversity was revealed among the jackfruit genotypes which are cultivated in the state of Nayarit, Mexico. This study may be useful for their future use in breeding programs.

The effects of chitosan‐TiO2 and chitosan‐TiO2‐ZnO‐MgO hybrid coatings on the shelf life of jackfruit bulbs (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam)

“…The colour of the bulbs changed significantly ( P < 0.05) from yellow‐orange colour (55.62–57.34 °Hue) to intense orange colour when storage ended. The behaviour of TSS, TA, pH and colour is characteristic of the ‘Agüitada’ genotype during its ripening (Morelos‐Flores et al ., 2021). However, the significant effect ( P < 0.05) of the coatings was observed by the delay in the changes of physicochemical parameters of the coated bulbs compared to the control bulbs.…”

“…CSTiO 2 and CSTZM bulbs maintained the vitamin C content until the end of storage. The loss of vitamin C in the control bulbs is due to oxidation during the ripening process (Morelos‐Flores et al ., 2021). Nonetheless, the vitamin C preservation by CSTiO 2 and CSTMZ bulbs might be related to their higher ability to decrease O 2 permeability and, consequently, the reduction of vitamin C oxidation (Rokayya et al ., 2021).…”

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Construction of a Core Collection of Ginkgo biloba Germplasm Using EST-SSR Markers

“…There were 25 types of tetranucleotides identified, among which ACAT/ATGT and AGAT/ATCT are enriched, accounting for 40.70% and 23.47%, respectively. In addition, the most common types of pentanucleotide (23) and hexanucleotide (69) repeats were AAGAT/ATCTT (36.65%), AAAAG/CTTTT (9.32%), AAAAT/ATTTT (9.32%), ACATAT/ATATGT (33.33%), AGATAT/ATATCT (17.06%), ACCATC/GATGGT (8.40%) and AAAGCT/AGCTTT (5.77%) (Figure 2). The sequence length of SSR loci ranged from 10 to 1736 bp, with an average length of 23.31 bp, among which 113,282 loci were mainly in the range of 10 to 20 bp, accounting for 78.81% of the total (Figure S3).…”

“…Morphological traits are easy to observe and measure. However, they are variable, subject to many limitations and particularly depend on the environment [23,24]. On the contrary, molecular markers are independent of environmental factors and have been effectively applied in plant breeding and gene resource assessment [25].…”