Comparative study of glenoid version and inclination using two-dimensional images from computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstructed bone models

Abstract

Background: This study was performed to compare glenoid version and inclination measured using two-dimensional (2D) images from computed tomography (CT) scans or three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed bone models.Methods: Thirty patients who had undergone conventional CT scans were included. Two orthopedic surgeons measured glenoid version and inclination three times on 2D images from CT scans (2D measurement), and two other orthopedic surgeons performed the same measurements using 3D reconstructed bone models (3D measurement). The 3D-reconstructed bone models were acquired and measured with Mimics and 3-Matics (Materialise).Results: Mean glenoid version and inclination in 2D measurements were –1.705º and 9.08º, respectively, while those in 3D measurements were 2.635º and 7.23º. The intra-observer reliability in 2D measurements was 0.605 and 0.698, respectively, while that in 3D measurements was 0.883 and 0.892. The inter-observer reliability in 2D measurements was 0.456 and 0.374, respectively, while those in 3D measurements was 0.853 and 0.845.Conclusions: The difference between 2D and 3D measurements is not due to differences in image data but to the use of different tools. However, more consistent results were obtained in 3D measurement. Therefore, 3D measurement can be a good alternative for measuring glenoid version and inclination.

Comparação de métodos bidimensionais manuais e tridimensionais automatizados de avaliação da morfologia da articulação do ombro por imagens de tomografia computadorizada

“…21 Com os casos categorizados de acordo com a gravidade da inclinação, o presente estudo detectou diferenças na medida dos casos brandos (inclinação entre 0–10°), em que o método manual gerou uma média significativamente superior à obtida pelo método automatizado ( p = 0,001). Em um estudo de 2020, Choi et al 29 compararam a inclinação medida por métodos automatizados e 2D e descobriram que o método 3D gerou medidas significativamente inferiores às obtidas com o método 2D. Embora os autores 29 não tenham realizado análise de subgrupo, os dados avaliados apresentaram valores médios de versão e inclinação compatíveis com os casos incluídos no subgrupo de casos brandos do presente estudo.…”

“…Em um estudo de 2020, Choi et al 29 compararam a inclinação medida por métodos automatizados e 2D e descobriram que o método 3D gerou medidas significativamente inferiores às obtidas com o método 2D. Embora os autores 29 não tenham realizado análise de subgrupo, os dados avaliados apresentaram valores médios de versão e inclinação compatíveis com os casos incluídos no subgrupo de casos brandos do presente estudo.…”

“…21 In our series, when the cases were categorized according to severity of the inclination, differences were found in the measurement of mild cases (0–10° of inclination), in which the manual method resulted in a mean that was significantly higher than that obtained by the automated method ( p = 0.001). In a study published in 2020, Choi et al 29 compared inclination measured by automated and 2D methods and found that the 3D method resulted in measurements that were significatively lower than those obtained with the 2D method. Although the authors 29 did not perform a subgroup analysis, the data evaluated presented mean values for version and inclination compatible with the cases included in the subgroup of mild cases of the present study.…”

“…In a study published in 2020, Choi et al 29 compared inclination measured by automated and 2D methods and found that the 3D method resulted in measurements that were significatively lower than those obtained with the 2D method. Although the authors 29 did not perform a subgroup analysis, the data evaluated presented mean values for version and inclination compatible with the cases included in the subgroup of mild cases of the present study.…”

SciKit-SurgeryGlenoid, an open source toolkit for glenoid version measurement

“…There are many papers comparing the use of different methods for measuring glenoid version or proposing new methods. 4 , 7 , 24 , 25 Different methods are also implemented by implant vendors and commercial software suppliers 1 – 3 however, the exact methods used in each case are not published.…”