Comparative Study of Hemostatic Agents Using Thrombelastography

Abstract

Hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of death in civilian and military trauma. Thrombelastography (TEG) quantitatively measures the viscoelastic changes of whole blood during clotting, from the beginning of coagulation to the end with fibrinolysis. In this study, we successfully developedand used a TEG method to compare a well-known Chinese herb medicine (i.e., Yunnan Baiyao) for hemorrhage control with other commercial hemostatic products (e.g., Celox TM and QuikClot TM ) and chitosan in the form of dry powder or dispersion. When tested in the powder form, the herbal material outperformed Celox TM as indicated by all three TEG parameters (i.e., reaction time R, clot formation rate α and maximum clot strength MA), and was comparable with QuikClot TM , but showed no exothermic effects. When tested in the dispersion form, which may be easier to use (as a spray) than in the powder form, the herbal material provided better hemostasis than the other materials, where the coagulation actions of the latter were reduced in the dispersion form. In addition, comparison among Celox TM and various types of chitosan showed the effects of physical and chemical properties of the chitosan-based biomaterials on hemostasis. The hemostatic mechanisms of these agents and their potential benefitsas an inexpensive, safe, and easily available material for hemorrhage control are discussed.

Tranexamic acid (class I drug) reduced and capped gold nanoparticles as a potential hemostatic agent with enhanced performance

“…Thromboelastographic studies. The studies were performed as per earlier reported protocol to understand the hemostasis process and where the material impacts the coagulation cascade [25,26]. Measurement of Tr-AuNPs and native tranexamic acid was carried out at an equivalent concentration of 9 μg ml −1 , using whole blood as a control.…”

Development of novel aspartic acid-based calcium bio-MOF designed for the management of severe bleeding

“…To understand the hemostasis process and where the material impacts, TEG studies were performed as per an earlier reported protocol. [38][39][40][41][42] Measurement of Ca-MOF concentrations ranged from 50 mg ml À1 to 1000 mg ml À1 using whole blood as control was performed. Specific to this study, blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers after obtaining consent as per the institutional ethical committee guidelines (ECR/824/Inst/DL/2016/RR-19) through venipuncture and collected into separate vacutainers with 3.2% sodium citrate solution and gently inverted three times.…”