Comparative study of mathematical and experimental analysis of spark ignition engine performance used ethanol–gasoline blend fuel

Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network

“…In the ordinary gradient descent search, only the first order derivatives are evaluated and the parameter change information contains solely the direction along which the cost is minimized, whereas the Levenberg-Marquardt technique extracts more significant parameter change vector. Suppose that we have a function E(X) which needs to be minimized with respect to the parameter vector x [32,34]. The error during the learning is called as root-mean squared (RMS) and defined as follows:…”

“…Input and output layer are normalized in the (-1,1) or (0,1) range [34]. To get the best prediction by the network, several architectures were evaluated and trained using the experimental data.…”

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and Methanol Gasoline Blended Fuels

“…It was also found that ethanol/gasoline blends allow increasing compression ratio (CR) without knock occurrence. Yücesu et al (2007) proposed a new approach based on artificial neural network (ANN) to determine the engine torque and brake specific fuel consumption. Ethanol/unleaded gasoline blends (E10, E20, E40 and E60) were tested in a single cylinder, four stroke spark ignition and fuel injection engine.…”

Performance Behaviour of a Spark - Ignition Engine Running on Gasoline - Cadaba farinosa forskk Bioethanol Fuel Mixtures.

“…The E10 blends are known to exhibit an octane numbers (i.e. 2 to 3) higher than regular gasoline, and are approved for use in all new U.S. automobiles for reasons of lower emission advantages, improved engine performance, and reduced dependence on foreign oil to mitigate energy shortages [6]. Other common blends include E5 and E7.…”