Comparative Study of Membrane Filtration and Spread Plate Technique for Dialysis Water Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The purity of the hemodialysis fluids is crucial for hemodialysis patients who are inevitably exposed to a large volume of water during hemodialysis. During this process the semi-permeable artificial membrane comes into direct contact with the bloodstream. Therefore it is important to monitor the purity of dialysis water. Aim and objectives: To compare two different methods for dialysis water analysis. Material and methods: 50 samples of dialysis water were collected from Saveetha Medical College and Hospital for this study. The study was conducted from 2018 December to 2019 March after getting Institutional Human Ethical Committee (IHEC) Clearance. By using the criteria of the AAMI, the present study is taken up to analyse the sensitivity of two different cultures technique i.e., spread plate and membrane filteration technique. Results: The standardization shows that spread plate technique was 80% effective and membrane filtration technique was 70% effective in identifying 100 CFU/mL of bacteria tested. Out of 50 unknown samples tested, 2 were ultra-pure, 21 were between 0.1-50 CFU/mL, 16 were between 50-100 CFU/mL and 11 were >100 CFU/mL by Spread plate technique. Likewise, 6 were ultra-pure, 30 were between 0.1-50 CFU/mL, 10 were between 50-100 CFU/mL and 4 were >100 CFU/mL by Membrane Filtration technique. Conclusion: From this study, spread plate technique proves to be equally sensitive with membrane filtration technique for analyzing dialysis water but when ultrapure water needs to be analyzed, spread plate technique gives much better bacterial recovery. i. e. , on l y 2 samples were proved to be ultra-pure by Spread plate technique.

Ozone water or chloroxylenol: The comparison of disinfection effectiveness against the number of bacterial colonies in dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital

“…This study consisted of 30 mandibular molar extraction forceps with three treatment groups, namely the mandibular molar extraction forceps group which was disinfected with ozonized water (Z), the mandibular molar forceps group which was disinfected with 4.8% chloroxylenol solution (K), and the mandibular molar pliers group which was rinsed with distilled water (A) as a negative control. 14 Each group consisted of 10 mandibular molar extraction forceps. 15 The 10 mandibular molar-removing forceps that were disinfected with ozonized water had a mean bacterial count of 4.00 AE 4.32 CFU/mL, showing they were still contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms with the highest number of bacterial colonies being 11Á10 3 CFU/mL.…”

The disinfection effectiveness of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol against the number of bacterial colonies in dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital in October-December 2022

“…The sample was spread using a sterile spreader, and the petri dish was rotated at an angle of 45°above a Bunsen burner. 17 After that, the petri dishes were incubated in the incubator for 24 hours. Following this, the number of bacterial colonies were counted using a bacterial colony counter.…”